The Importance Of Secure Attachment Bonds On Childhood And...

Past literature has emphasized the importance of secure attachment bonds in childhood and their impact on social (Bohlin, Hahekull, Rydell, 2000) emotional (Waters, Virmani, Thompson, Meyer, Jochem, 2010) and cognitive (Bernier, Beauchamp, Carlson, Lalonde, 2015) functioning. High-quality caregiver-infant relationships are critical for development and protect against later psychopathology. As mentioned by Bowlby (1969/1982), early infant interactions with caregivers become internalized and serve as internal models for later relationships. These working models influence thoughts, feelings, and behaviours and determine whether a child will develop a secure or insecure attachment style. Maternal sensitivity is seen as central to secure attachment (Ainsworth, Blehar, Water, Wall, 1978). Attachment figures who display high levels of sensitivity and responsiveness (i.e., appropriately responding to and attending to their children’s cues) promotes secure attachment. The construct of emotional availability successfully captures these important parental qualities and reflects the dyadic nature of caregiver-child relationships. Research conducted by Van Rosmalen, Van der Veer, and Van der Horst (2015) posit that the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) has become a stand-alone instrument and fails to be used in conjunction with home-based observations. As this study suggests, attachment and relationship quality should be assessed using a multifaceted approach. The current studyShow MoreRelatedMy Point Of View Attachment Theory1033 Words   |  5 PagesMain Post Attachment theory is defined as the characters associated with the long term associated of human beings. From my point of view attachment is a lasting, secure and positive bond between a child and a caregiver, a reciprocal relationship. John Bowlby who used his knowledge in developmental psychology, psychoanalysis, ethology, and data processing to base his principle of the theory developed attachment theory. John Bowlby believed that attachment theory was on of the four essential behavioralRead More1. Outline Mary Ainsworth’s ‘Strange Situation’ Study and Discuss How This Has Influenced Our Understanding of the Importance of a Child’s Attachment to the Primary Caregiver.1523 Words   |  7 PagesOutline Mary Ainsworth’s ‘strange situation’ study and discuss how this has influenced our understanding of the importance of a child’s attachment to the primary caregiver. In 1970 Mary Ainsworth expanded greatly upon Bowblys original work and devised an experiment called the Strange situation. The study focused on the behaviour ,in relation to attachment, of infants who were 12-18 months of age when their mother left the purpose built lab play room. The infants were watched through video camerasRead MoreInfancy and Early Childhood1106 Words   |  5 PagesInfancy and Early Childhood Stages University of Phoenix Queanna Booth, Marilyn Lee, Virginia Ortega, Shniqua Smith, Linda Van Scholars note the important role that attachment plays in the development of an infant. Mary Ainsworth, a pioneer in the study of attachment describes attachment as an emotional bond between persons who binds them through space and time. Attachment is the basis for social skills. (As stated by Vaughn) According to Vaughn, through loving interactions betweenRead MoreSocial And Emotional Development : John Bowlby1402 Words   |  6 PagesHaving a secure bond of attachment to another person is regarded as a foundation for successful social and emotional development. â€Å"It has been observed that children with secure attachments are more socially competent than those with insecure attachment† (Neaum. S. 2010). By the child having formed secured relationships it enables them to engage with the world with a sense of confidence and self-esteem. children who have secure attachments are also known to show more co-operative behaviour. JohnRead MoreThe Emotional Bond Between A Parent And Their Child1469 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Bowlby theorized attachment as the emotional bond between a parent and their child (Stevenson-Hinde, 2007). How secure this bond is can influence a variety of areas in the child’s development. A parent can secure this attachment by how they interpret and respond to their child’s needs. There are four attachment patterns that can form, secure, avoidant, ambivalent, and disorganized. A child who is secure in their attachment is able to regulate their emotions in stressful situations, exploreRead MoreParents Anxiety About Their Children Starting School1261 Words   |  6 Pagesarticle discusses how well prepared children are for school, including how independent they are and their communication and social abilities at this stage. Bayram argues that more needs to be done by schools to help parents and children prepare for school, with 1 in 4 parents saying there is little infor mation. Additionally, the article argues the importance of children’s social, emotional and communication skills, and that regular early communication between schools and parents could help familiesRead MoreWhat Is The Theories Of Three Human Development Theorists, Urie Bronfenbrenner, John Bowlby And Mary Ainsworth s Theory Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment is an essential aspect in early childhood education. This essay is going to discuss the theories of three human development theorists, Urie Bronfenbrenner, John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth’s. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems theory is concerned with family, cultural and social influences and all the other environmental elements. Bowlby’s Attachment theory and Stages of attachment and Ainsworth’s â€Å"Strange Situation† research which breaks down attachment into three types are related to the relationshipRead MoreThe Support Influence On Development Of Insufficient Parental Ca re1733 Words   |  7 Pagesquality of early attachment relationships is correlated with future personality and brain development. â€Å"The Attachment Theory is a foundation theory, developed by Bowlby. It focusses on the form, quality, and strengths of human attachments made in early life and their effects on development in pro social behaviors† (Tuner, 2011, p.30). Practitioners have found that the importance of forming a bond with a child from birth has the possibility to shape the life of a person. â€Å"Attachment Theory has emergedRead MoreThe Importance Of A Healthy Attachment For Early Childhood Development1776 Words   |  8 PagesThe importance of a healthy attachment in early childhood development can lead to a better adult development and skills for daily life. A secure and healthy attachment to the caregiver in infancy to adolescence showcases the importance of building strong relationships and coping skills during periods of stress and anxiety. The research that has been found, goes into detail about the different types of attachments that infants and children can develop as well as what negative and positive aspectsRead MoreAttachment Theory Essay1784 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction John Bowlby developed his Attachment Theory to examine and explore the contextual relationships between a child and their caregiver and their behavioral repercussions. He describes it is â€Å"a way of conceptualizing the propensity of human beings to make strong affectional bonds to particular others and of explaining the many forms of emotional distress and personality disturbance, including anxiety, anger, depression, and emotional detachment, to which unwilling separation and loss

The Effects Of Malnutrition On Educational Disparities

The Impact of Malnutrition on Educational Disparities in Africa By: Merette Khalil and Blessing Kuebee, African Students Association At the start of the millennium, various United Nations (UN) partners came together to tackle some of the world’s deadliest and most pressing social and economic problems, and in doing so, established the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In the past 15 years, the MDGs have been evaluated and re-evaluated. This year the UN has declared a new set of 17 goals for the next 15 years called the Sustainable Development Goals. The first issue on both agendas is the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, a problem that is specifically significant for the entire continent of Africa. Clarifying a few terms based on the World Food Program’s definition is essential to understanding the scope of the problem. Hunger is â€Å"not having enough to eat to meet energy requirements.† It can lead to malnutrition, which is a condition when one’s diet â€Å"does not provide adequate nutrients for growth and maintenance or when a person is not able to adequately utilize the food consumed due to illness.† Undernutrition, being nutrient deficient, being underweight and even being overweight are all complications that result from hunger. Undernourishment is when â€Å"a person is not able to acquire enough food to meet the daily minimum dietary energy requirements, over a period of one year.† Wasting is â€Å"rapid weight loss or a failure to gain weight and is strongly relatedShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography : Literacy As Foreign Aid704 Words   |  3 PagesAfrica. Journal Of Development Studies 38.4 (2002): 27. Business Source Complete. Web. 26 Sept. 2014. Appiah and McMahon analyze the connection of social outcomes and feedback effects on personal and communal economic growth in sub-Saharan African countries. The authors attempt to estimate how net education comprehensively effects, directly and indirectly, the process of economic stability and sustainability in these countries. Christopher, Nkechi M. Literacy Growth And Book Development In Africa:Read MoreHealth Care Services And The Health Of The Belizean People1614 Words   |  7 Pages Today, in Belize, there is a lack of development in regards to health care, which has a great effect on the access to care. This is, in turn, has a large effect on the health of the Belizean people. We should care because the health of any population contributes to the status of the country as a whole. With health problems comes along high numbers of reports of morbidity and mortality rates here. This can be attributed to the fact that there is a decreased amount of hospitals, clinics, and otherRead MoreThe International Olympic Committee ( Ioc ) Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pages(Varadharajan et al., 2013, p.327). With this incredibly high level of poverty comes many problems for both India and its people. One such problem is the direct link between poverty and malnutrition. Currently it is reported that 57% of ‘under-five deaths’ within India are due to the current state of poverty and malnutrition (Varadharajan et al., 2013, p.328). This is largely due to the current state of food security within India. Food security is measured by the availability, access, utilization andRead MoreMaternal And Childhood Malnutrition On Low And Middle Income Countries2036 Words   |  9 Pageschildhood malnutrition in low and middle-income countries presents a global public health challenge and threatens attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)i. Encompassing both under nutrition and obesity as well as vitamin and mineral deficiency, malnutrition can be caused by multiple factorsii. These factors are closely linked to general standards of living, education, environment and the ability of a population to meet its basic needsiii. Malnutrition has profound effects on healthRead MoreChild Poverty And Its Effects On Children s Adjustment1473 Words   |  6 PagesChild poverty is a major issue in the United States. Poverty can be associated with violence, abuse, malnutrition, problems with learning ability and school achievement and inadequate healthcare, which can negatively affect the developmental process of a child. Poverty indirectly impacts children’s adjustment and the ability to successfully adapt in the environment. This can affect the health of children and lead to psychological disorders. While it seems impossible to completely eliminate childhoodRead MoreA Brief Note On Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Health1590 Words   |  7 Pagesemotional wellbeing have significantly impacted on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health, causing the wide gap in Indigenous disadvantage. (Brennan 2015) Socioeconomic factors such as social gradient, employment and education can have a great effect on the health of individuals throughout life. (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2015) Due to lower income and unemployment experienced by Indigenous Australians, they are forced to live in poor, remote or overcrowded housing conditions,Read MorePoverty, Education, Sanitation, Malnutrition, And Child Mortality900 Words   |  4 Pages hunger, and child mortality. Several non-government organization (NGO), charitable establishments, and non- profit corporations work to advance impoverished countries and decrease disparities. These agencies partner with local, national, and international institutions to promote their particular health or educational agenda. Although, these establishments face financial shortfalls at times, they have managed to improve condition around the world in some areas. Bolivia is a country with manyRead MoreThe Health Of A Health Care System1892 Words   |  8 Pagesenvironment, educational attainment, health behaviors, childhood development, access to care, and government policy. International collaboration of ideas on the progression of transnational health is greatly endorsed for the benefit of complete global health care. Health care has social, governmental, and financial implications that affect all members of the health care system and in countries within the Central American region specially, citizens have fallen victim to health disparities that have resultedRead MoreThe Effects of Poverty on Children Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pagesgrowing up in poverty a lot of factors come into play such as their physical, psychological and emotional development. To grow up in poverty can have long term effect on a child. What should be emphasized in analyzing the effects of poverty on children is how it has caused many children around the world to su ffer from physical disorders, malnutrition, and even diminishes their capacities to function in society. Poverty has played a major role in the functioning of families and the level of social and emotionalRead MoreHealth Education in Schools1199 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Education in Schools By Paul Favors, eHow Contributor I want to do this! Whats This? Health education is the formal inclusion of the principles of wellness in the curriculum of a particular educational institution. Among the concepts taught to students are information on illness and their prevention, substance abuse and sexual relations. The ultimate purpose of health education is to allow students to have an understanding of their bodies and develop beliefs related to health. Facts

Effects of Terrorism in Indian Industries Free Essays

That’s the macro picture. A sectoral analysis sheds more light on the possible damage to different industries. â€Å"Terrorism’s economic impact has normally been short lived,† says a report titled, Economic Impact of Terrorism, by securities firm Anand Rathi Financial Services. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Terrorism in Indian Industries or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"The immediate impact of terrorism is the loss of life, destruction of property and loss of man-days. Terrorist acts also cause uncertainty, which impacts economic activity. Tourism is one of the first areas to be hit, with hospitality and transportation feeling the pain the most.Gross earnings from foreign tourists are currently around 1% of GDP. A marked slowdown in tourism activity will have a perceptible impact on not only the hospitality and transportation sectors, but also on the overall economy. â€Å"The impact on the earnings side (through lower room occupancy, depressed room rental, lower passenger traffic or lower air fares) may eventually reverse once the situation normalizes. On the expenditure side, though, the impact of higher costs from increased preventive arrangements and higher insurance premiums is likely to be more permanent. An important subset of tourism — medical tourism — is also likely to slow in the short term. â€Å"Hospitality and tourism are two sectors that will certainly take a direct hit,† says Chakrabarti of ISB. â€Å"This will be a gut reaction to the event and, if nothing else happens, then things will soon get back to normal. † According to Rangar, â€Å"Estimates suggest that nationally hotels have seen about 60% booking cancellations. † Holiday destinations such as Goa are feeling the pinch even more because of intelligence reports that they could be future targets for terrorists.Hotel occupancy in western India is down some 25% and rates have plunged. Civil aviation is another sector in the dumps. But it was already troubled before the attacks. Rangar believes the overall damage to India’s economy could be significant. â€Å"Analysts have already started giving initial estimates that suggest the loss in business due to the attacks would be about $100 billion, arising from crucial institutions, such as the stock exchanges, commodities and money markets, and business and commercial establishments which remained closed,† he notes. There is also a hit of $20 billion on the foreign exchange front. But though the numbers are alarming, it is just a matter of time before the city and its people rise to face the situation. † Exports, already down, could be further hit as foreign buyers put off visits. â€Å"International clients prefer to stay at five star hotels such as the Taj and the Oberoi,† says Ganesh Kumar Singh, president of the Federation of Indian Export Organizations.They now see a risk staying at any five star hotel. The U. S. ommercial nuclear mission has put off its India trip as have delegations from several other countries. The perception of increased risk in India could also impact the IT industry, which depends on client visits to seal deals. But the larger firms in the IT industry have already spread their risk; they have back-up operations in other countries such as China. The effect there will be only temporary. Some analysts, however, believe that the business process outsourcing (BPO) industry may not be so lucky. Oil gas and other large operations are vulnerable to attack,† says the Anand Rathi report. Beefing up security will add to their costs. But these are strategic industrial assets for the country as a whole, and part of the expenditure is likely to be borne by the government. Does anybody gain? Certain lines of IT, particularly those related to security, will get some benefit. â€Å"Companies catering to defense, security and surveillance needs are likely to see a boost in demand,† says the Anand Rathi report. Rangar ends on a note of confidence. â€Å"Despite the slowdown — and the recent incidents — global companies are expected to continue to exhibit their confidence in India,† he says. Adds Chakrabarti: â€Å"The confidence crisis is far worse in other parts of the world compared to India. Foreign investors need to put their money somewhere and India still looks very attractive. At worst we will grow at 6%. Most countries would die to grow at this rate at this point in time. â€Å" How to cite Effects of Terrorism in Indian Industries, Papers

Personal Fitness Essay Example For Students

Personal Fitness Essay Physical Education1-29-99Lou Zerr, a well-known 17 year old male attending Sinker High School, is very disliked by his peers, mostly because of his low self-confidence and low self-esteem. Lou Zerr is known to be a foolish rich kid that has an attitude. Everyone sees him as the loser that sits at home watching television. Lou Zerr sees himself as very stupid. Lou has a very good friend, Smad Free, that happens to be an Olympic Gold Medal winner in the 1984 Summer Olympics in swimming competition. He feels, as though, he needs a lot of exercise and Smad Free really pushes Lou to exercise. He tells Lou that he will need to do plenty of swimming and riding bikes. Lou informed Smad that he didnt know how to swim or ride a bike. He feels, as though, he needs a lot of exercise and Smad Free really pushes Lou to exercise. He tells Lou that he will need to do plenty of swimming and riding bikes. Lou informed Smad that he didnt know how to swim or ride a bike. Smad said that he would teach him to do both, if he would agree to have plenty of motivation to lose weight, gain self-confidence and self-esteem, and commit to the training. After reading books on heart rates and obesity, Lou figured out his target heart rate zone and felt that riding a bike and swimming would be essential to a good workout. Lou was determined to get his current resting heart rate of 80 decreased to 60, to hopefully fall into his target heart rate zone of 154 to 185, and to lose 10 pounds from 170 pounds. He would eventually be in shape. Currently in the middle of summer on August 1, 1997, Smad decided it would be best to begin with training Lou to ride a bike then to swim. Lou would ride his bike in the morning and swim in the late afternoon Lou and Smad went to different stores to purchase the best of everything or close to it. After acquiring everything, Smad began to teach Lou to do his warm-ups and eating right. Lou would begin the morning with a 2 different fruits and a small glass of orange juice. He would then have to walk for five minutes, next begin to jog for 3 minutes, then walk for three. After his jog he would do his stretches. He would begin by stretching his arms out and then focusing on his legs. Finally finished with warm-ups, Smad would teach him to ride a bike. After Lou finished putting on his gear to ride, Smad explained that he must be very balanced. Lou had watched people ride bikes for years thus helping him to learn quickly. Approximately a half-hour later, Lou was riding his bike very well. Smad became satisfied and determined that both of them would go on a short ride to begin training. Smad felt 5 minutes riding slowly, speeding up for another 5, sprinting for 5, and finally 10 minutes slowly. Smad and Lou would continue do this for one week and progress slowly for two months. Lou would also have to do the same in the late afternoon swimming. He would have to begin by eating less to lower his calories. He would have to begin by eating plenty of vegetables, different meats, and plenty of noodles, breads, etc. He would have to have plenty of starches, oils and sweets. He would have to have plenty of energy, but he would still have to burn fat. Smad suggests a fruit, juice and simple meat sandwich for lunch. Smad suggested what to eat for dinner, but Smad was too determined to lose weight so he decided that he would ignore Smad and only eat a simple sandwich for dinner. Lou felt that suffering is a small price to pay to lose weight and get fit. Approximately an hour or two after lunch, Lou would begin to learn how to swim. .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .postImageUrl , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:hover , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:visited , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:active { border:0!important; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:active , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on The Importance of Extracurricular Activities Essay Lou would do the same warm-ups as in the morning except he would have to focus on stretching his arms and legs more thoroughly this time. It took about a week to teach Lou how to swim, but Lou was doing very well and improvement was visible already. Smad began Lou on 5 minutes of movement in the water, 10 minutes of slow swimming with different strokes, then he would speed up for 5 minutes, and then slow down the intensity .

Analysis of Turkish Influences in Western Classical Music free essay sample

The Ottomans contribution to music has always been evident in the music we play or hear almost everyday. Be it Mozart, Beethoven. The Ottomans meter (meaning military band) influenced the start of the military and the marching band. They too, were the first to use the soldiers marching beat in their music. Believe that the Ottomans have significantly influenced the music we listen to everyday, contributing to the All Truck form we are familiar with. In my paper, I will examine the contributions made by the Ottomans, their styles and how composers in particularMozart have interpreted it. The Ottomans formed an Empire, which lasted from 1299 to 1923. They traveled far and wide, controlling many territories that brought about the Empires downfall. Split into 29 provinces and numerous vassal states, it reached its height of power in the 16th and 17th centuries. The sieges and battles of Vienna during the period of 1529 to 1683 played an Important role In the wars and In the spreading of the Ottoman music because Vienna was strategically located, and had interlocking control over southern Europe and the overland trade routes. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Turkish Influences in Western Classical Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, ruing the 18th century, Vienna was the capital of European music, serving as the home of composers Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Joseph Haydn and Ludwig van Beethoven, who came to Vienna forming the First Viennese School, making the city very popular. The Turkish Influences In classical music were spread through the many wars that the Ottomans had. From the victories to celebration of treaties, the Ottoman showcased their music; mainly the meter music -which would take form in the first military and marching band- to the world.After many victories and defeats, negotiations and treaties, composers imitated the USIA and rhythm of the Meter band, Beethoven and Mozart use an Ottoman influenced style called All Truck. To celebrate the Treaty of Sartorial negotiated by Austria and the Ottoman Empire in 1697 after the battle of Santa, the Ottomans brought a Janissary band along with other performers for several days of performances. Slowly, people started imitating these performers, starti ng with the military bands. Classical composers started to introduce the All Truck (meaning in the style of a Turkish march) Into their music. But the Viennese were not the first to use such a style in their music. According to the musicologist Henry George Farmer, The credit for having introduced this battery of percussion and concussion into Europe usually goes to Poland which. In the sass, had received a full Turkish band from the Sultan. Russia, not to be outdone, sought a similar favor of the Sublime Porte (which is the name of the Sultans open court. In 1725, Prussia and Austria following suit, and by the sass most other countries had fallen under the sway of Janissary Music. Mozart, the following rhythm: Example 1 IS heard by the left hand part of the bass note. It is also the rhythm of a soldiers arching beat. The Janissary bands followed the army around in order to provide entertainment, and to boost morale amongst the people. The bands started using this rhythm in their music too. Another characteristic commonly found when emphasizing rhythm is the use of grace notes.Many melodic instruments in Turkish music used this technique in emphasizing rhythm. An example is Mozart violin concerto in A major, KAKA Rondo. An excerpt from Violin concerto no 5 in A major, K 219 by Mozart, Example 2 The excerpt from above shows both characteristics of Turkish music. The oboes and urns are heard giving the marching beat of Example 1 (refer to page 4). Like these Mind instruments, the cellos and basses are giving a somewhat different rhythm by using only crotchets and rests (see bar 1 to 3), but are using grace notes to emphasize on the crotchet beats.The oboes and horns use only crotchets and minims but theres an emphasis on the march with the use of dramatic dynamic changes (see bar 1 to 3). The Violin II and the Viola parts give the consistent quaver beats throughout the excerpt (with the exception of the last chord), and the soloist plays the melody using only quaver and crotchet beats. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Turkish music proved to be very popular, and piano manufacturers made pianos with a Turkish stop, which was also known as the military stop.It was a pedal that would either cause a bell to ring and/or cause a padded hammer to strike the soundboard to imitate the sound of a bass drum. In Rondo All Truck by Mozart, the pianist would hit on the pedal to give the rhythm seen in example 1 for emphasis on the marching rhythm. However the innovation ceased to be used after the 19th century. According to Alfred Dolce, an industrialist, inventor and author who imported and manufactured piano materials, The Janissary pedal, one of the best known of the early pedal devices, added all kinds of rattling noises to the normal piano performance.It could cause a drumstick to strike the underside of the soundboard, ring bells, shake a rattle, and even create the effect of a cymbal crash by hitting several bass strings with a strip of brass foil. ere meter band is an early military band. There are many styles that the meter perform in, and in one of the forms, ;never the musicians stand in a crescent shape Ninth the who is also known as the master of meter standing in front. A meter concert starts with the sass (instruments), which is the instrumental part first before they start singing.After that, the also known as the main meter Gag calls the by shouting Vast-I s;our u sofa, hey, her (meaning Attention it is time for happiness and fun) the will then begin by shouting Haydn Hay Allah translating it would mean Attention, march. The master of meter greets the public and announces the next piece after every piece is performed, and after all the pieces are performed; the of never, the meter can also perform while walking. While performing and walking, he stands in the front, with the meter standing behind.Starting with the right foot in front, the meter band greets the public by left and right every 3 steps (meaning if one starts on the left foot). Traditionally, the meter was composed of cats, which were dependent on the number of instruments. Each meter can be composed of 1 to 13 cats, of which the Pithead, the most royal title attainable has a meter of 13 cats. Each Kate is composed of a David (drum), a ensnare (a small kettledrum), a boor (horn), a Curran, a k ¶s (a big drum) and 4 t;vegans (four times of the other sass).The meter band carries many different types of banners, each with its own color and distinctive meaning. For example, the red banner is the symbol of Turkey, the green the symbol of Islam, and the white banner the symbol of Justice. ere meter band has many other symbols such as flags, which are the symbols of the government. Having fought and defeated many countries, the Ottomans themselves had taken over parts of Asia, Europe and Africa. Consisting of Muslims, Jews and even Christians, the Ottomans were open and were able to tolerate differences. However an advantage in one era may be a disadvantage in another.Having such a vast amount of land and citizens also made it difficult to protect the empire from internal and external political forces, causing unnecessary ethnic and religious hatred, which Mould ultimately destroy what they had created. With six centuries of dominance over such a large land, the Ottomans were rich in culture influenced by its many different states, influencing other cultures even outside the Ottomans territories. Even though the word Ottoman may not have any understanding to anyone who has not heard of the Ottomans, her contribution to society is evident.

Cultural Relations

Cultural Relations Introduction Culture is defined as a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that, taken together, constitute a design for living (Vance Paik 2006, p.39). In the past century, scholars have directed commendable efforts towards understanding various cultures and their impact on global human relations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, concepts, theories and principles have been developed in this regard. This paper shall set out to explore various terminologies used in studying culture. To this end, a brief description of these terminologies shall be offered and an illustration of the same given. ‘Culture is ordinary’ This is a saying formulated in 1958 by the famous theorist Raymond William. This dictum means that society develops from the common meanings and directions that its members’ share and it grow s due to the pressures that arise as a result of contact learning and discovery. For example, in the Chinese culture, the concept of loosing face is core to the livelihood of the Chinese people. Fang (1999, p.143) observes that in Chinese tradition, losing face is equivalent to [literally] losing ones eyes, nose, and mouth. As such, every activity carried out by the Chinese people is geared towards saving face. This practice therefore holds a shared meaning and has grown in the Chinese culture through learning, experience and contact. Cultural identity Cultural identity can best be defined as the way individuals define themselves in regard to their cultural norms and beliefs (Adair, 2009). It is a relatively new concept in cultural studies that aim to analyze the effect of various identifiers to culture. Cultural identity helps people understand themselves and how they relate to others around them. As Adair (2009) states, cultural identity contributes significantly to the wellbeing of a society. The author attributes this to the fact that it gives people a sense of belonging and security. High context culture/low context culture These are terminologies developed by famous anthropologist Edward. T. Hall back in 1976. These terms refer to a situation whereby a group of people that have similar experiences develop a new mode of communication that only them can understand and decipher. As such, high context culture refers to a communication routine in which few words are used to communicate complex messages within the in-group. For example, people who use e-mailing as a mode of communication use words such as ‘ASAP, LOL’ and ‘TMI’ to shorten the message. People outside the group may not understand the meaning of such words but those within the group do. On the other hand, in low context culture, the communicator has to communicate more explicitly since the value of a single word is not as important. As such, in this culture, more words ar e required to give a message its meaning.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Social field The social field theory was developed by Kurt Lewin and it aimed at analyzing social situations through the elements that affected them. As such, a social field in this context refers to social elements and forces that are topologically organized. A social field enables us to identify, interrelate and observe various social elements and forces and how they affect each other. For example, shyness I a sociological force that hinders people from realizing their goals in a social setting while confidence (a helping force) helps people achieve their set goals. Haptics Simply put, haptics refer to our ability to manipulate and explore the world through touch. According to Mehrabian (2007), haptic communication has been used across different cultures to convey emotions since it facilitates the sense of unity between two or more people. For example, in most cultures, hugging and holding hands are perceived as emotional cues implying support, reassurance and care. Haptics are forms of non-verbal communication that have proven to be effective in communicating emotional messages. For example, in the Chinese culture, holding hands among men is a common place since it symbolizes friendship. However, in most western cultures, this is viewed as an anomaly indicative of an intimate relationship. Ethnorelativism According to Greene and Burleson (2003), ethnorelativism refers to man’s ability to view certain values and behavioral traits as cultural rather than universal. In essence, ethnorelativism argues that how we view the world and events greatly depends on an individual’s cultural heritage. This means that we perceive different cultures perceive similar situations differently. For example, most cultures assume that each person can best advance their interest when the situation at hand is thoroughly understood by means of direct verbal communication (Cardon Scott, 2003). This assumption results in the adoption of directness in interpersonal communications. This is not the case in Chinese culture which places greater emphasis in preserving harmony. The Chinese are therefore only direct in the occasion where no one including themselves is at a risk of losing face.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Individualism Individualism refers to the belief that all rights, values and responsibilities originate from an individual. As such, this concepts views man as a sovereign being who has an innate and natural right to his life, decisions and actions. A good example regarding this concept is the United States and china. Arguably, U.S is an individualistic state because people often think about themselves before they think about oth ers. As such, U.S is a ME and I state. On the other hand, China advocates for unity and equality. The Chinese culture advocates for unity and people are obligated to share whatever they have. Types of non-verbal communication According to statistics, a significant portion of our communication is often non-verbal (Greene Burleson, 2003). Non-verbal communication entails the use of gestures, facial expressions, touch and posture among others during our interactions. Regardless of the technique one applies, non-verbal communication plays a pivotal role in revealing who we are and it affects how we relate to others (Mehrabian, 2007). Some types of non-verbal communication include the following: Eye gaze Looking, blinking and staring have been documented as being important non-verbal behaviors. For example, when a person sees someone or something that he/she likes, the blinking rate increases and the pupils dilate. As such, the eyes can be use to show feelings of hostility, attraction a nd even interest. In the western culture, the eye gaze is very important especially in matters regarding to the chain of command. If you are out of control, a stare from a person of authority is enough to tell you that you have crossed the line and need to calm down. Appearance How we dress, our choice of color, hairstyle and other factors are non-verbal cues that communicate our identity. Research into color psychology has shown that different colors elicit different moods from people. For example, blue and brown have been known to give people a calm sensation while red and black evoke hostility. First impressions always count. These judgments are based on an individual’s appearance. In America where people practice a corporate culture, appearance is important since it determines the level of respect you earn from others. This is why it is always important to dress appropriately when going to an interview or a meeting.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Facial expressions Arguably, facial expressions are pivotal in face to face interactions. Consider how much a person can learn from a frown or a smile. These facial cues convey sadness, happiness, anger and disgust among other feelings during a conversation. These cues are important in my culture since they can help one understand what another person feels regarding a certain topic or event. Conclusion Culture plays an important role in intercultural communication. As such it is important that we all try to understand different cultures so as to avoid the inherent conflicts that arise due to cultural diversity. References Adair, J. (2009). Effective Communication: The Most Important Management Skill of All. New York: Pan Macmillan. Cardon, P., Scott, J. (2003). Chinese Business Face: Communication Behaviors and Teaching Approaches. Business Communication Quarterly 66: pp. 9-22. Fang, F. (1999). Chinese business negotiating style. New York: Sage. Greene O., Burleson R. (2003). Hand book of communication and social interaction skills. New Jersey: Routledge. Mehrabian, A. (2007). Nonverbal Communication. USA: Transaction Publishers. Vance, C., Paik, Y. (2006). Managing a global workforce: challenges and opportunities in international human resource management. California: M.E. Sharpe.

Players view on the NBA Lockout 2011 Research Paper

Players view on the NBA Lockout 2011 - Research Paper Example he players since the partnership loses a lot of money and has given proposition to reduce the player’s salaries by 40% as well as set up a fixed payment for each team (Croslis). The proposition has generated many outcries from the players who have aired out different views on the matter. The players view the lockout as a result of failure of communication between them, and the league officials since most of them were not provided with the copy of the proposal that was regarded as final (Stein). Most players have insisted to vote out the final plan if they had the opportunity to give their opinion on the matter. The players also insisted that the executive director would have prevented the lockout from happening if he had learnt something from the last lockout that occurred between 1998 and 1999 (Stein). The players view the leaders especially Stern as dictators since they have been enforcing certain rules and regulation without consulting the players. Therefore, the lockout comes because of the officials being ignorant of the role that players hold in the league. The players take the lockout as a great obstacle to a new sporting year which most of the diehard fans have anticipated for long since the end of the last sporting year. The players view the lockout as a fa ilure by the officials to come into terms, and most have moved out to join other teams outside the country in an effort to continue earning, but still in waiting for the deadlock to stop. The players feel that they have been exploited in the fact that their salaries will be reduced by about 40% while the league continues to thrive on their success (Croslis). The players still think that the lockout should continue since they are not willing to accept any person to dictate their career, which happens to, be their life and source of livelihood. Their view is that their patterns have turned out to be their enemies, and they cannot surrender to their terms (Stein). They feel that they are not the cause

Compare and contrast the achievements and failures of the various (not Essay

Compare and contrast the achievements and failures of the various (not just African-American) civil rights movements since 1945 - Essay Example During that period they started a movement regarded as civil disobedience in which they resorted to protests that were nonviolent in nature. Several methods of protest were used in these movements, such as boycotts of Montgomery Bus. Another major protest conducted by the blacks for civil rights was the march recognized as the march for autonomy and jobs conducted on Washington. In this march, Martin Luther King, Jr. presented his most famous speech which was regarded as â€Å"I have a dream† (Norton, 2012, p.755). During the period of 1965 there experienced a tremendous change in the movement for Black Power. Those who were fighting in the favor of Black Power argued in the favor of autonomy of the blacks and believed that the African Americans of that time were not being provided with dignity and were being kept away from their heritage. For example: Omali Yeshitela argued that the blacks have fought hard to safeguard their homes, autonomy and culture against colonialists of Europe. Yeshitela further stated that actions that actions such as stealing another individuals wealth and freedom are denoted as treason. Some of the great outcomes of this movement were the victory achieved in Brown v. Board of education case that helped in eliminating the legal issue of separate but equal. Another major Civil Rights Movement in the US was the Chicano Movement. This movement was led by the Mexicans that were living in America. The purpose of this movement was to gain a say for the Mexicans in the political arena of US. According to those who were in favor of this movement, US had failed to comply with the promises they made during the Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty. The movement did not concentrated on the issues that were experienced by the early Mexicans who migrated to US; it did not even address the issue of political rights for Mexicans as at that time immigrants had no political significance. The activities of this movement were involved in various issues such as unequal educational and job opportunities for Mexicans and the ill treatment they faced at the hands of the police. Students who were associated with this movement conducted activities such as walkouts, one of such activities was a walkout conducted by students in the state of Denver. The African American right for equal rights were quite peaceful in nature and only conducted activities such as marches and sit-ins, on the other hand the civil rights movement conducted by American Indians was quite violent in nature. The actions ranged from huge gatherings with the purpose of protest to hijacking of governmental facilities with the aid of arms and ammunition. During the period of 1971, the movement took over an obsolete, left alone property of the Naval Air Station located in the region of Minnesota. During the period of 1972, they even took over the Headquarters of bureau of Indian Affairs located in Washington and they arrested 24 individuals. The Courthouse of Custer County was e ven abducted by the activities of this group; later police was able to handle the situation after a severe right arose. A confrontation even took place between the military and the activists of the movement and after the death of two individuals and passage of seventy one days, the violent activity came to an end. Feminist movements even took place, after the era of 1946, the feminist movements aimed at countering the issue of changing the

The most importnt issues or problems in Humn Resources in the United Essay

The most importnt issues or problems in Humn Resources in the United rb Emirtes t the present time - Essay Example ccording to n estimte by the l-Iktissd Wl-ml (1997) mgzine, no less thn 95 per cent of the new jobs in the 1995-2000 period were in the privte sector. There re four interrelted resons for the privte sector's resistnce to Emirtistion. The first fctor is lbour cost. The influx of chep foreign lbour during the pst three decdes led to the development of lbour-intensive privte sector, whose continued profitbility hinges on being given free hnd in the utilistion of foreign workers. lthough, since the mid-1990s, United rb Emirtes hs incresed the cost of the ltter by introducing compulsory helth cre for foreign workers, locl workers still re very much more expensive to hire (Fshoyin, 2000). It hs further been lleged tht locls will demnd bout six times the slry skilled foreign worker would be prepred to ccept nd 'will not work s hrd' (Fshoyin, 2000). Foreign workers from developing countries ccept reltively low slries becuse they cn still ern more thn they could ern in their home countries. Furthermore, the mjority of foreign workers re young mle bchelors nd therefore do not hve fmily to support. For locl workers, however, the high cost of living in United rb Emirtes mkes the level of wges offered by the privte sector in cpble of providing n cceptble living stndrd for locl workers (tiyyh, 2003). Second, socil nd culturl perceptions towrds... In United rb Emirtes, the type of work, sector of employment nd socil interctions t work determine the socil sttus of the worker nd his fmily (Mellhi, 2000). Hence, workers plce gret del of importnce on the effect of their work on their socil recognition. For instnce, most of the jobs in the privte sector re mnul jobs which rb Emirtes society holds in low esteem. Even before the influx of foreign workers, these jobs were llocted to people with low socil sttus nd socil interctions with them were severely restricted. tiyyh (2003) reported tht in rb Emirtes: For youngsters leving school the brriers ginst desirble creer pths re lmost mythicl. They will not ccept jobs s slesmen becuse this does not befit their socil sttus; they will not tke workshop jobs where there is thret of physicl dnger. Low slries re n insultthe rb Emirtesyouth hs too much pride to swllow.The third fctor is discipline nd control. Reserch on the mngement of foreign workers in United rb Emirtes supports the view tht foreign workers re esier to control nd more disciplined thn locl workers (tiyyh, 2003). This could be result of the fct tht work permits in United rb Emirtes re often vlid for one yer nd foreign workers do not qulify for permnent residency or nturlistion, regrdless of the length of their sty, therefore employers hve few obligtions towrds foreign workers who cn be lid off nd sent home t short notice. In ddition, foreign workers hold work permits for specific occuption with specific employer nd therefore they cnnot move freely between employers or sponsor wit hout the consent of their employer or sponsor-Kfeel. Hence, lbour turnover nd job-hopping mong foreign workers do not exist. Tble 1: Comprison between HRM prctices for United rb Emirtes HR nd

How To Improve Customer Service Marketing Essay

How To Improve Customer Service Marketing Essay In todays competitive, fast-paced and global economy, financial service has placed increasing emphasis on customer service as a means of gaining competitive advantage (Sarah Cook, 1995). The nature and number of competitors and the ability of retailers, banks, government deregulation and other financial service companies to offer similar products at similar prices has led to increasing emphasis being placed on personal service as a means of adding value to customers. Providing an exceptional customer service is no longer an added benefit, is a necessity, customer who are not satisfied with the way they are treated can easily take their business elsewhere, exceptional service is accomplished by positively interaction through effective communication and relationship building. Exceptional customer service will bring unexpected result, whether you give a good customer service or poor customer, the people will tell other how they are treated (Renee, 2005). Customer service is about consciously building customer centred organisation where employees are focused on serving their customers both internal and external for sustained, profitable growth, (Michael, 2003). How well you communicate and establish relationship with your customer is the meaning of customer service, the relationship may not be long the instant relationship is customer service, moving away from an intense focus on product development to lay much emphasis on relationship development (K aren and Keith, 2006). Customer service is the key issue to any organisation which involves the entire staff member of the company from the executive to the least staff of any organisation for not losing their ground to the competitors, customer is the foundation of any business we must delight our customer to keep the business in existence. Also, purpose of any organisation is to create a customer, why not give the exceptional service to them in order to achieve the purpose of the organisation (Ian Linton, 1994). Customer service should not be seen as a necessary attachment to financial service, but an integral part of business, especially at it deals with customers the real assets of companies operation in a fiercely competitive market (Bryan and Merlin, 2002). 1.1Background This section will give the background of the research since the customer is the key of any business, it gives the importance of customer service in financial services, reasons for developing customer service, benefits of customer service to financial service, how to improve customer service, the research questions will be answered in the literature review. In the banking sector the customer service involves diverse of relationship between the providers and their customers especially personnel are tools in creation and provision of services quality service, they need to take care of the customer by meeting their needs and well satisfy, we must put customer first, listen to them, by listening to your customers and providing them with the products and services they really want, you can gain and keep your share of the market, solve their problems, it make you retain the customers, provide products and services to meet their need and be friendly with them, it includes service to the customer, delivery, operations, employee and management. In meeting customer need, banking sectors must manage product and service, delivery system, environment and people so as to provide an efficient and caring service getting things done appropriately and maintaining standard. Customer care and good service must be the work of all the staff from management le vel to all staff which brings together executive, marketing, operations and human resources management. Reasons for developing customer service The reason for customer service is controlled by customers, employees and a changing business environment, customer can be individual, household, group or organisation are aware of competitors in financial services or provider organisation and also of rising standard of service they are willing to give compare to service they receive therefore, expectation of consumer rise and become faulty finding of the quality of service they receive and so organisation can be never be less concerned. Also knowledge of cost and benefit from the existing customer compare to attract new customer draws companies attention to good customer service to existing customer, meeting their needs and complaint, developing long-term relationship, companies must understand that good customer service does not disagree with profitability. Looking after employee is also a chance for an organisation not place a target amount for them to meet capital base to the bank because employee is an internal customer, as organisation become larger they may also become anonymous and bureaucratic which dissatisfy the employee. Communication may deteriorate any relationship between customer and customer contact personnel, between customer contact staff, between management may suffer. Also in a recessionary climate, cost-cutting exercise, re-organisation and redundancy can impart on staff morale, motivation and performance. In spite of this company should realise that commitment to employees bring companies rewards and more benefit it also encourage employee participation. Another reason for developing customer service is the business environment, this create need for customer services, the business environment is typical economic, legal and technology which is not stable, recent deregulation in financial service has increased competition between providers, which provides more choice for the consumer. In this business environment banking sectors must emphasize operations and financial efficiency and focused more on product and market strategy. Additionally, they can focus more on customer service (quality in the corporate and marketing strategies). Exceptional customer service must be seen as tool to achiever differentiation and a competitive advantage, so it has become integral direction and planning for BankPHB. Customer service is such an outstanding issue that no major financial service provider can overlook whilst other are improving the quality of service levels. Benefit of Customer Service In the absence of focus on customer service and quality financial service organisation will face challenges and complaints from both employees and customer, which will affect the sales and profitability of the organisation and associated financial and other costs. Also, a number of unsatisfied customers will complain and tell others, generating unfavourable word of mouth, publicity and some may move to competitors. However, with focus on customer service e and organisation can expect a number of benefits such as: Customer Loyalty: Taking good care of existing customer can cause repeat and increase business and lead to attract new customer from positive word of mouth to others by existing customer communication. Customer retention is more cost effective, loyalty to the company will make the customer to be an advocated that create a reputation for being a caring customer oriented company. Increased opportunities to sell: Understanding and complete product knowledge and sales techniques among employee together with develop interaction and rapport with customer enable staff to know customer needs and suggest appropriate product and service that will satisfy the customer. Employee satisfaction: When employee is taken care is increased job satisfaction, morale and commitment to the company good employer employee relationship and increased staff loyalty which contribute to reducing the rate of staff turnover and the associated costs of recruitment, selection and training activities. Happy commitment and competent employees will also make fewer mistakes and this lead to fewer complaints from customer and contribute to cost savings and increase the profitability of the organisation. Also good customer service improve the corporate quality image and provide protection form price competition, above all successful service leads to reduce costs such as mistakes, operating and advertising and promotions, and increase productivity and sales, market shares, profitability and business performance. HOW TO IMPROVE CUSTOMER SERVICE Changing nature of customer service BankPHB needs to change or improve the traditional way they do business with their customer, using sales representative as the only means of increase their capital base is risky, is seen as public humiliating to the representative, telling the representative to get certain deposit to the bank or get fired what is needed for BankPHB and other financial service provider in Nigeria like other financial services in United Kingdom is to inject innovation to life-blood of the organisation so that it becomes part of its very being, such as telephone banking service, effective internet banking service this focus on speed, convenience, quality and service for the customer and less work for the employee. Also BankPHB needs to be more customer-focused than product focused. Creating customer-centric systems BankPHB must be willing to change the policies which has become blueprint that sales representative or marketer should bring deposit less than that they will be sacked the prospect of customer centric can be very great, this system may hurt initially, but is a good prospect. Business essential and top management involvement: BankPHB must understand that it is a clear that unless there is a business essential for customer retention and top management is fully committed to customer service there is little chance to success. Customer orientation need to accustom the organisation mission, vision, value and objectives it needs to be both executives and senior managers word and actions Service strategy and goals: To be successful in competitive market and a customer focused organisation, BankPHB must have a clear strategy and a set of specific and measurable goals for service improvements People development: Training and development is an essential in promoting customer service philosophy, there must be often training and development for the staff and customer which company can benefit because this will enhance their attitude towards the customer in a positive way their behaviour, knowledge and skill, and make the organisation more flexible, proactive and customer focused in the face of strong competitor, the quality of leadership in an organisation is an indicator to success. Communication: Communication is life-blood of an organisation to sustain and develop a service initiative, effective communication about customers, competitor and the best practice in customer service can create a positive change to BankPHB. The development of communication media to convey the service philosophy is a vital means of creating awareness of the organisation, communication can be verbal or written Reward and recognition: Organisation with best practice provides a motivating environment for their customers and employee b rewarding and recognising the employee and the customer for their contribution to achievement of the organisation and implores them to do more. Customer-driven process: BankPHB must do business with its customer in a way that matches the customers needs not its own. Changing customer expectation Because of the technology consumers expectation are high they want better service which will give them satisfaction, they want greater choice and will not be sold to or manipulated. Value for time BankPHB and all other banks in Nigeria must value the time of their customers by providing self service such as effective cash machine, where you can withdraw your money 24hours without long queue in the banking hall an effective internet banking sitting at home pay bills, check your account balance and telephone banking if customer has any issue to clarify is easy to do on telephone than going to the bank waiting for the Manager to call head office for clarification which can take two to four days it is time consuming, the process of value for time resulted to easy customer and employee satisfaction. Know your customer rights Customers know their rights they tend to be unsatisfied if is violated and complain, majority of BankPHB customers complain about loan promised to give them is their right, to get loan without security if they have good records, they likely to make their opinion known if they violate this right. BankPHB must keep to the right of customers. Technology One of the greatest changes that can improve customer service in BankPHB is technology, checking account balance on internet, pay bills, open account, debit and credit alert via phone the use of technology can potentially revolutionise BankPHB relationship with customer, bank representative can visit customer input data via computer and print out cheque, use technology to wish the customer wishes on their memorable days like wedding anniversary, birthday it gives customer existed. Technology gives customer self service. What is customer service? Ability to provide an exceptional service is a perquisite of both attracting new customers and retaining the existing customers, but customer service is the perception of the customer to the service given, and the perception is based on their expectation, if a customer receives service better than the expectation is excellent service, but if customer receives less than the expectation is bad service. To provide excellent service BankPHB must exceeds customer expectations under-promise, over deliver, keep to promise never guarantee what cannot be delivered, to win customer today BankPHB needs to delight and astound the customers with products and services that beyond their expectations. Customer experience The main concern of great service organisation today is on the total customer experience. The customer experience of the organisation based on the effective communication/marketing efforts its package and interaction with employees as well as its products or services. Financial service provider in United Kingdom Barclays Bank train their staff to help customer with all their needs such as loan even when you do not need it they will advise you also on insurance which can be of benefit to you and the entire family so that the ethnic of Barclays is brought to life by their staff as they know customer is the key of the business. Developing a relationship There must be mutual relationship between the customer and service provider and the way this relationship is managed is pivotal to achieving excellent services. Relationship has become more important in financial services even know your customer by their name. BankPHB customers must be seen as value important as part of the bank not seen as different account to the organisation. Theodore Levitt of the Harvard Business School relates giving good service with building a long-term relationship, or relationship marketing He says: ..the sale merely consummates the courtship, at which point the marriage begins. How good the marriage is, depends on how well the seller manages the relationship. The quality of the marriage, determines whether there will be continued and expanded business or troubles and divorce Embracing change One thing that constant in life is change a successful companies will sustain competitive advantage by transforming their businesses rather than maintaining the traditional way of doing business, that is finding a new way of doing things both for and with customers BankPHB must embrace change through technology by operating 24 hours banking service, getting feedback from customer to help them improve on their service and customer loyalty and satisfaction to the employee. Contact centres: Is a way of reaching to customer know their need meet their needs 24 hours such as email written as well as telephone request, ease of contact to the service provider, convenience and speed of service are the main benefit of contact centre for the customer. Some financial sectors are using contact centre policy as a marketing tool. The internet: Is another change to delight our customer if offer them greater speed and choice, 24 hours a day, it enables them to market more quickly and gather direct customer feedback to develop better products and customer loyalty, retailing on the internet is already giving customers a sense of being in control, accessing your balance, pay bills, this has made financial services rethink how they communicate with customers, what they understand markets to be, how they segment and how they plan and advertise their products and services as well as the level of service they provide. Nevertheless, BankPHB website needs to be integrated with the rest of the customer strategy in order to maintain brand synergy. Customer relationship management (CRM) The process of setting up a customer service infrastructure using contact centre and internet technology is good start to become customer focused than product focused, Customer relationship Management offers opportunity to manage their customers relationship, because the more information a company has about the customer better, CRM strategies is to identifying desirable customer segments, micro or individual on one to one basis and developing integrated programmed that maximize both value to the customer and lifetime value of customer to the financial services profit enhancing and customer retention. It can also assist to identify sales prospects from existing or potential customer this management serves as an intermediary between the service provider and the user with this management BankPHB can be a better financial service amongst its competitor and known globally. 1.2 Problem area discussion One of the major problems most financial services are facing is how to manage their customers is the formulation and delivery of their proposition to customers (Bryan and Merlin, 2002). In a customer service strategy for a company, there are often significant changes required in the corporate culture, employee training, technology infrastructure and measurement system, this changes is associated with investment of resources and personal commitment depend on the good leadership of the executive management. Excellent customer service will only be considered a critical success factor if senior management demonstrate their involvement in terms of time, money effort, commitment, persistence and visibility (Sarah, 1995). BankPHB customers (both internal and external) are not satisfy with the service provided lack of commitment from the senior management, employee such as marketers are left alone to get deposit into the bank which is quite frustrating for the employee due to this the expectation of the customer are not met, let us assume that the senior executive of the business understand the expectation and perceptions of the customer regarding service, which is based on personal experience with the staff or face to face discussions and a sense of perception issues that exist in the minds of target consumers and frontline, service delivery staff. Also, Executive manager have an intimate understanding of customer expectation and perceptions and have ensured that service standards are relevant and meaningful in marketplace, the culture of the organisation must aligned with the objectives. The company resources is not focused on service standards BankPHB promised customer if you domicile your salary account for three month you will be given loan, after three month the expectation is not met due to this the customers are dissatisfied and willing to take their account to another bank. This is misdirected marketing which creates both explicit and implicit promises in the mind of the customer, when these promises are not fulfilled, customer satisfaction will suffer (Bryan and Merlin 2002). 1.3overall research purpose Looking at the above discussion, how to help BankPHB engender and sustain customer focus, the purpose of this research is the importance of customer service in an increasingly competitive environment and how effective customer service can help BankPHB enter into global market and the implication of increasing customer expectation and changes in trading patterns exposed. To address this point above, two research questions are drawn to explain the reason for this research R Q 1 How can R Q 2 how did you rate the staff behaviour at BankPHB? 1.4 delimitation The distance between the researcher and case study financial service and time constraint, also the compilation of the questionnaires, the feedback from the staff may be characterized with similarities and prejudice because management might have influence on their feedback of the questionnaire. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Improve customer service by technology Technology can be used to improve the quality of customer service by making easier for service provider to respond to customers request and satisfy customers needs, also with right equipment, this technology provide customer with a 24 hours response service this maintain high level of customer loyalty. Technology can contribute immensely to customer service in this area. Reliable equipment operation Customer will be very satisfy if there is reliable operation of their equipment to maintain their competitive business performance; a rapid quality response to service request is vital, a bank cash-dispensing system must be constantly available, technology helps customer to operate on their own business effectively and deliver high standards of service to their customer. Better account control The financial service wants to improve account control, technological links not only provide the customer with higher standards of customer service, they help to strengthen relationships with the customer and prevent competitors from taking over. Service staffs rely on information The more an organisation know about its customers the better service it can deliver, customer databases can be invaluable in helping customer service staff quickly provide advice and guidance to customer quickly Consistent local service a large customer spread over a wide geographical territory and dealing with a financial service through a network of local branches expects a consistent standards of service, if the company does not have the resources to offer the same level of service in each branch it must find a way of centralising and allocating its resources so that customer can be offered that consistency and satisfy. THE ELEMENT OF CUSTOMER SERVICE Customer care for the external customer requires an organisation to pay attention to its products/services, delivery systems, delivery environment technology and employees which are highly interdependent. Product/Service range: This includes both basis and augmented services Gronroos (1987), this is based on the basic or core financial service, may be a current account with associated services which are needed to facilitate consumption of the core services e.g. ATM and another service which are not required but facilitate the service and differentiate with other competitors. The greater service offering includes how the service is delivered and the relationship between a bank and its customers which can be the accessibility of the service, customer participation in the process e.g. use of ATMs and relationship between employees and customers, system and customers and the physical environment and customers. Delivery Systems:- Delivery systems and procedures must be operate effectively and efficiently, responsive and reliable in order to avoid queuing in the banking hall, Silverstro, Fitzgerald, Johnson and Voss, (1992) refer to three types of service delivery, professional services are described as few transactions, highly customised services a process orientation, relatively long contact time, mass service is example of many customer interaction limited contact time and customization, product orientation with value being added. The level of direct interactions with service providers and customers in delivery process in known as service Encounters or moments of truth. This service encounters may take different forms, a customer wishing to make an enquiry may chooses an interaction with ATM, or bank employee by telephone, by email, face-to-face contact whichever contact the customer chooses especially coming in contact with the bank and its employees, the employee must for an impression of the bank and its service encounter also have an impact on employees in relation to their motivation, performance and job satisfaction and their rewards. Recent perspectives and research relating to service encounter are reported by Bitner (1990), Bitner, Booms and Tetreault (1990) and Larsson (1990). Delivery Environment: The delivery environment is another elements of customer service, the environment includes physical design and access aspects and also emotional or atmospheric impact, this involve customer and employees, physical design such as layout, furnishing, noise and music, space for cars, lighting temperature and comfort, most of banks are redesign open-plant to eliminate the barriers between customers and the staff (Greenland, 1994). Access aspects includes hours, availability, convenience of location and security, physical environment research has been carried out by Bitner (1990, 1992) she introduces the concept of servicescapes which may involve customers only e.g. (self service), employee only (remote service) or customer-employee relationship which is common is service delivery, she said environment must be conducive for customer satisfaction and employee pleasurable, environment lead to positive customer evaluations of service and desire to spend more time and m oney, on the other hand, unpleasant environment lead to avoidance. Technology: Technology is part of the whole service product, it facilitates customer-company exchange and increase service level, it also increases speed, efficient and accuracy for the employee and better personal service for customer. Employee:- The function of employee in customer service cannot be overlook, their personal qualities, ability to understand and satisfy customer needs. Gronross (1984a) discussed the outcome of quality of service encounters, the way the service is delivered is done by employee of the financial services this will include attitude and behaviour, appearance and personality, service-mindedness, accessibility and approachability of customer contact personnel. Edvardsson, Gustavsson and Riddle (1989) present four aspects of quality which affects customers perceptions: Technical, Integrative, Functional and outcome, while LeBlanc and Nguyen (1988) suggests that corporate image, internal organisation physical support of the service producing system, staff-customer interaction and degree of customer satisfaction all are customer service/quality. Parasuraman Zeithaml and Berry (1985:1988) suggested that he criteria used by consumer that are important in moulding their expectations and perception in ten ways: Tangible i.e. physical evidence, reliability: honouring promise, Responsiveness: readiness to proved service, Communication: telling customer what they need to know, Credibility: Trustworthiness, Security: physical and financial, Competence: skill and knowledge, Courtesy: polite, Understanding: knowing your customer needs, Access: easy to contact. MEASUREMENT OF CUSTOMER SERVICE Measurement of customer service can been seen as a different between consumer expectation and perception; Expectations are desires or wants, which people believe that service provider should give, Perceptions are consumer judgement about actual service performance or delivery, if there is shortcoming between predicted and perception there is service quality gap which the provider would like to close. Zeithaml and Parasuraman (1985) are influenced by four other shortcomings/gaps. Consumer expectation: (Management perceptions and consumer expectations) If customer expectation is low (both internal and external) the result might be in lower level of delivery service this is gap, gaps may be closed by market research and better communication between management and personnel. Management perceptions of Consumer expectations:- when customer needs are known, there may not appropriate service specification due to lack of resources, organisational constraints (such as promise to give loan) absence of management commitment to customer service. Service quality specifications: (actual service delivery) This gap is called service performance gap, when there is difference between management specification and service delivery due to variations in the performance of service personnel. The reason may be the employee is not willing to work or incompetence. Actual service delivery:- External communication about the service, this gap is when, what said about the service in external communication is different from the service deliver e.g. advertising therefore, it is important not to promise more than what can be deliver. 3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ANALYSIS OF THE QUESTION

The Feminine Perspective in Othello Essay -- Feminism Feminist Women C

The Feminine Perspective in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Just how do women see things in William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello? What is their perspective on narrative developments? Let’s analyze the feminine point of view in this essay.    It was Emilia’s gift of the decorated kerchief to her husband that set up Desdemona for murder. Helen Gardner in â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune† talks of Emilia’s outlook on things:    Emilia’s silence while her mistress lived is fully explicable in terms of her character. She shares with her husband the generalizing trick and is well used to domestic scenes. The jealous, she knows,    are not ever jealous for the cause But jealous for they are jealous.    If it was not the handkerchief it would be something else. Why disobey her husband and risk his fury? It would not do any good. This is what men are like. But Desdemona dead sweeps away all such generalities and all caution. At this sight, Emilia though ‘the world is a huge thing’ finds that there is a thing she will not do for it. By her heroic disregard for death she gives the only ‘proof’ there can be of Desdemona’s innocence: the testimony of faith. For falseness can be proved, innocence can only be believed. Faith, not evidence, begets faith. (145)    At the outset of the play only the male perspective is given: Iago persuades the rejected suitor of Desdemona, Roderigo, to accompany him to the home of Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, in the middle of the night. Once there the two awaken the senator with loud shouts about his daughter’s elopement with Othello. In response to the noise and Iago’s vulgar descriptions of Desdemona’s involvement with the general, Brabantio arises from bed. With ... ...ief-stricken by remorse for the tragic mistake he has made, stabs himself and dies on the bed next to his wife.    The feminine perspective is varied and inconsistent, but enables the truth to come out and goodness to triumph in the end.    WORKS CITED    Di Yanni, Robert. â€Å"Character Revealed Through Dialogue.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Literature. N. p.: Random House, 1986.    Gardner, Helen. â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from â€Å"The Noble Moor.† British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.      

Global Culture: A Sociological Perspective Essay

With emergence of concepts like lingua franca and cultural assimilation, the world is reckoned to have lost its diversity. For this shift from ‘salad bowl’ to ‘melting pot’ phenomenon, the repercussions emerge in the form of global culture – a culture common to entire globe. At one hand, this concept contradicts the sociological understanding of culture as being specific to a particular group and distinct from the culture of other groups. However, the very concept broadens the scope of sociology. By considering the whole world as a representation of one culture, what is implied is the ascendance of sociology to a higher level. Culture emerges through common needs and circumstances which may fall at any level starting from organizations, communities, national societies and global societies (Whitehead). Behind the basic assumptions of global culture lie early sociology based on networking of the human race which led to traditions, norms and customs specific to civilizations. Stated differently, culture is a product of interactions and relationships between the members of society. By this principle, behind the concept of global culture lie interrelations between the members of the global community. A catalyst to strengthen these interactions is the modern technology that has connected the members together. For instance, a person living in the Asiatic part of the world is well aware of the culture in the American region due to the strong communication facilitated by technology. Being exposed to an alien culture serves to remove their perceived oddity thereby leading to a slow process of adaptation. To elucidate, let us look at the example of language. Language is a part of culture too. The increasing importance of English in the world is an evidence of global culture which seems to aggrandize with time. Its primary reason is the increasing interdependence of human nations on each other and emergence of international controlling bodies like United Nations. These factors would continue to maintain a shifting trend towards global culture. At the individual level of the society, global culture owes greatly to the realization of diversity as opposed to ethnocentric approach towards foreign cultures. Ethnocentric attitude greatly results from the strength of cultural bonds, within the society, that restrict or slow down the process of adaptation to global culture. In the contemporary world, a cessation in the shift towards global culture seems impossible. This is partly due of the extent the phenomenon has ascended the globe and partly due to the increasing advantages it offers. However, with these advantages, the negative corollaries of global culture cannot be denied. As perceived by Waters, global culture if completely adopted would have nation-state as its chief victim particularly the cultures of smaller nations. This means that at one hand the states are losing their role and culture within their territories and at the other hand they are not having a considerable role in the global community and culture thereby leaving a point of ambiguity about the merits and demerits of global culture compared to the nation state of any other form of culture in the human society (Shaneland). References Is there a future for the nation-state in an era of globalisation? If so, what future? Shaneland United Kingdom. Retrieved May 9, 2009 from http://www. shaneland. co. uk/academic/ma/globalisationessay1. pdf Whitehead, A. N. Global Culture. Sage Publications. Retrieved May 9, 2009 from http://www. uk. sagepub. com/parker/CHAPTER%207/Chapter%207%20Lecture%201%20Global%20Culture. PPT.

World War I and United State Essay

World War I and United State Essay World War I and United State Essay Prior 1914 when war erupted in 1914, the US had followed neutrality and noninvolvement in European. Was the United state really neutral? By the time, developments in transportation and communication brought United State enter the Great war. There were many different reasons for this. But trading with Europe eventually brought American into World War I. World War I had had led America to biggest change in society. In addition, it led to a shift in U.S. foreign policy away from neutrality to involvement in world affairs. War broke out in Europe in 1914, the United State attempted to remain neutral. Isolationism, it advocated non involvement in European and Asian conflict in interventional politics. The United State was supposed to remain as contented neutral country by holding the tradition of Washington and Jefferson. In his Farewell Address, President Geoge Washington had advocated noninvolvement in European wars and politics. because the United States had just won war for independence. Also, the new country was relatively small and weak. Foreign policy was best made by neutrality. It was successful because the expanse of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans had made it possible to being neutrality and remain from the conflicts. Notwithstanding, during World War I, however president Woodrow Wilson made a case for United State neutral, but it wasn't successful until 1917, the United state was drawn into the war again by the case for U.S Intervention in conflict and United State interested in maintain a p eaceful word. According to document 4, january 22,1917 in the Woodrow Wilson-speech to the United State Senate. " †¦Neutrality is no longer feasible or desirable where peace of the world is involved and the freedom of its people.." His goal was "make the world safe for the democracy" by " a war to end war" He wanted the American would be impartial and peaceful and by some development had motivate behind Wilson's decision to enter Word War I. Even though American had been out of World War I. We had traded with nation involved in the war. In 1915 Germany used submarines to stop trade between the Allies and the United States. According to the document 3, the U-boat depicted in the cartoon technology of submarine, the Germany U-boat would sink enemy ship in the war zone. In addition,the sinking ship in the cartoon represent the Lusitania was sunk without warning by German U-boat and American citizens were died. Wilson insisted that the America as a neutral nation had the right to trade with nation at war and to send its civilian on ships into war zone. He was defending the principle of freedom of the sea. In 1917, President Woodrow Wilson went to Congress to ask for declare war on

Multiculturalism and Diveristy in America essays

Multiculturalism and Diveristy in America essays One of the foundations of this country is our multiculturalism and the melting pot of American society, the ironic side of that being the fact that throughout history, racism has been an ever present part of the American interaction with the world around it. It seems that every one of our encounters with another culture of people has been carried out with racist intent. Ever since the unjustifiably cruel capture, mass transport, and enslavement of Africans there have been a trail of events that have been influenced by racism. Right along with the enslavement of Africans is the deceit, abuse, and mistreatment of the Native Americans in order to acquire the land that was first theirs. Following that is the warring with Mexico fueled by dreams of manifest destiny, and then the terrible conditions of Asian and Irish immigrants used to build the transcontinental railroad. All of these events came about because we felt we were entitled to something that we were not. Whether it was t heir lives, land, or willingness to work, we either took it from them or took advantage of it. These events went about the way they did because of a racist outlook. We wanted something from someone else, and we took it because of our views of races and cultures that we felt were somehow below ours. If we felt that the cultures and races of other people were equal to ours, we would have respected what was theirs and have treated them in a different fashion than that which we did. This list of events is not by any means an all inclusive timeline of historical events. But when this chain of events, along with the plethora of other examples of racism throughout time, is followed up to the point where our society is at today, it is easy to see that we still live in a country where racism permeates numerous aspects of human interaction. While it has abated greatly, racism yet remains a large part of the social environment we live in. Racism i...

The Case of Revision R v G and Another Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Case of Revision R v G and Another - Essay Example However, the House of Lords overruled, on the grounds that an element of men's rea was a requirement in all cases involving serious offenses. The boys were therefore not found guilty of arson, or the crime of causing damage by fire3. The former was classified as objective recklessness and the latter as subjective recklessness and this had to be assessed by reference to the reasonable man. The case of Cunningham4 established conclusively that subjective recklessness involving offenses committed â€Å"intentionally and recklessly† will make the accused liable. But Caldwell imputed liability for objective recklessness as well, although Lord Edmund Davies noted a dissenting opinion on the objective recklessness of the defendant as follows: â€Å"†¦a jury could not on those words alone, properly convict him of recklessness simply because they considered that the risk ought to have crossed his mind†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 5 The House of Lords decision however overruled on the grounds that foresight or the ability to make an assessment of the consequences was deemed to be an essential part of recklessness as laid out under Section 1 of the Criminal Damage Act. The basis upon which the lower Court’s decision was overruled was that when a judgment was made on the liability for objective recklessness without making any allowance for the youth of the defendants or for whether they had the mental capacity to understand the consequences of their actions, it is bound to be erroneous. The House of Lords held that since the boys did not maliciously and deliberately set out to cause damage to the property, neither did they foresee the risk of the damages that could occur through the spread of the fire, they could not be deemed to be guilty of arson. A conviction for a crime should prove not merely an act of omission leading to a crime but also a culpable state of mind, in accordance with the principle of m en's rea. Therefore a defendant who genuinely did not perceive the risk cannot be exposed to serious punishment.

Engish Language- Discourse in Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Engish Language- Discourse in Action - Essay Example Us† (Text C) which use simple imperative forms of the verb â€Å"join.† There can be no ambiguity in the urge to follow this instruction, but Text C supplements the bare command with the use of the inclusive pronoun â€Å"us†, and the supplementary heading â€Å"Get involved.† The difference here is one of emphasis, whereby Text L stresses the recognition factor of its party name â€Å"Labour† and Text C stresses the element of belonging to a group. The connotations are political for Text L and personal for Text C, which indeed reflects the philosophy of collective and historic activism on the left, and individualism on the right. The most obvious linguistic difference between the two texts is the register of the preliminary introduction . Text L has an informal style, starting with an open question â€Å"Do you feel the same way we do about the kind of Britain you want to live in?† The question addresses the reader directly and suggests implicitly that a â€Å"yes† response is required. The next paragraph consists of three phrases separated by semi-colons and arranged as if they were a sentence unit. There is no main verb in this unit, however, and so it does not qualify as a proper sentence. This style is reminiscent of spoken language, where less attention is paid to the rules of formal grammar. The intention here is no doubt to make the process of joining the Labour party appear to be a casual, everyday event, which does not require any deep thought or special preparation. These three follow-up phrases make use of the rhetorical device of repetition, in a sequence: â€Å"A Britain where the re is†¦; where education is†¦and where you and your family†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Text L) This usage is reminiscent of the speech-making techniques of former Labour Leader Tony Blair, whose personal style, no doubt heavily influenced by professional script writers, included many such non-grammatical phrases The informality of Text L continues with a further command, expanding the title of the

US Ports and Cybersecurity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

US Ports and Cybersecurity - Research Paper Example Kevin Kelly1 (2011) asks this intriguing question, â€Å"What does technology want?† If certain aspects of the technium are preordained and certain aspects are contingent upon our choices, how do we know which are which? Systems theorist John Smart has suggested that we need a technological version of the Serenity Prayer.† The serenity prayer, written and popularized in the early 1930s by theologian Reinhold Niebuhr, asks God to help in changing the things which are difficult to change or â€Å"courage to change the things I can, and wisdom to know the difference.†2 According to Kelly, â€Å"Technology was invented from the time we were born†. But technology is under threat every second of the day. Individual files and organizational documents and secrets are under threat of losing with the click of a finger, if we are not careful. This essay is about the many problems of technology, specifically information technology (IT) infrastructures of US ports, and how it can survive amidst threats of viruses, worms, spams, malicious software and cyber criminality. Organizations must have installed technology and IT infrastructures in their systems, otherwise, they will lag behind in the stiff competition. Organizational information systems should also have anti-viruses and other necessary protection before they see themselves vulnerable to a new kind of attack, the virus attack. Ports are one of the busiest areas for businesses around the world. With an installed IT, tasks and activities are made easier. IT enables organizations to conduct multiple operations simultaneously, but the infrastructure must be secured because without s ecurity, viruses and the various risks will make the infrastructure a mess. Ports operate a network of businesses and firms, movement and distribution, processing and many activities, which must be applied and inputted to an effective software and IT. Function IT, as it is called in the literature, refers to information systems that help improve users’ functions and productivity in performing individual tasks. This important feature includes applications like computer-aided design (CAD) software, spreadsheet, word processors, and other e-learning tools and systems. In a port where ships dock and load and unload cargoes, where countless activities happen every minute and every second of the day, computers and softwares are a normal phenomenon. In a workplace where engineers constantly introduce product innovations and people depend on coordinated programs of activities, ports should have effective computer infrastructures. But there are people with criminal minds who, second b y second, devise plans to penetrate on other people’s computers, other people’s wealth, that they send viruses, worms, spam emails and malwares to the internet and destroy ports’ valued files. The role of the manager is significant to the attainment of the organization’s goals and objectives. Managers should have good and effective rapport with employees, but they have to understand what IT is and its role in the ever changing world of business. One of the important responsibilities of the manager is to manage the company’s information system. New business opportunities involving IT and the different functions of business are coming at a fast pace.3 Security awareness Studies have found that about 90% of organizations face information security investigation almost annually.4 Organizations have made moves to improve their information management systems and