The Importance Of Secure Attachment Bonds On Childhood And...

Past literature has emphasized the importance of secure attachment bonds in childhood and their impact on social (Bohlin, Hahekull, Rydell, 2000) emotional (Waters, Virmani, Thompson, Meyer, Jochem, 2010) and cognitive (Bernier, Beauchamp, Carlson, Lalonde, 2015) functioning. High-quality caregiver-infant relationships are critical for development and protect against later psychopathology. As mentioned by Bowlby (1969/1982), early infant interactions with caregivers become internalized and serve as internal models for later relationships. These working models influence thoughts, feelings, and behaviours and determine whether a child will develop a secure or insecure attachment style. Maternal sensitivity is seen as central to secure attachment (Ainsworth, Blehar, Water, Wall, 1978). Attachment figures who display high levels of sensitivity and responsiveness (i.e., appropriately responding to and attending to their children’s cues) promotes secure attachment. The construct of emotional availability successfully captures these important parental qualities and reflects the dyadic nature of caregiver-child relationships. Research conducted by Van Rosmalen, Van der Veer, and Van der Horst (2015) posit that the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) has become a stand-alone instrument and fails to be used in conjunction with home-based observations. As this study suggests, attachment and relationship quality should be assessed using a multifaceted approach. The current studyShow MoreRelatedMy Point Of View Attachment Theory1033 Words   |  5 PagesMain Post Attachment theory is defined as the characters associated with the long term associated of human beings. From my point of view attachment is a lasting, secure and positive bond between a child and a caregiver, a reciprocal relationship. John Bowlby who used his knowledge in developmental psychology, psychoanalysis, ethology, and data processing to base his principle of the theory developed attachment theory. John Bowlby believed that attachment theory was on of the four essential behavioralRead More1. Outline Mary Ainsworth’s ‘Strange Situation’ Study and Discuss How This Has Influenced Our Understanding of the Importance of a Child’s Attachment to the Primary Caregiver.1523 Words   |  7 PagesOutline Mary Ainsworth’s ‘strange situation’ study and discuss how this has influenced our understanding of the importance of a child’s attachment to the primary caregiver. In 1970 Mary Ainsworth expanded greatly upon Bowblys original work and devised an experiment called the Strange situation. The study focused on the behaviour ,in relation to attachment, of infants who were 12-18 months of age when their mother left the purpose built lab play room. The infants were watched through video camerasRead MoreInfancy and Early Childhood1106 Words   |  5 PagesInfancy and Early Childhood Stages University of Phoenix Queanna Booth, Marilyn Lee, Virginia Ortega, Shniqua Smith, Linda Van Scholars note the important role that attachment plays in the development of an infant. Mary Ainsworth, a pioneer in the study of attachment describes attachment as an emotional bond between persons who binds them through space and time. Attachment is the basis for social skills. (As stated by Vaughn) According to Vaughn, through loving interactions betweenRead MoreSocial And Emotional Development : John Bowlby1402 Words   |  6 PagesHaving a secure bond of attachment to another person is regarded as a foundation for successful social and emotional development. â€Å"It has been observed that children with secure attachments are more socially competent than those with insecure attachment† (Neaum. S. 2010). By the child having formed secured relationships it enables them to engage with the world with a sense of confidence and self-esteem. children who have secure attachments are also known to show more co-operative behaviour. JohnRead MoreThe Emotional Bond Between A Parent And Their Child1469 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Bowlby theorized attachment as the emotional bond between a parent and their child (Stevenson-Hinde, 2007). How secure this bond is can influence a variety of areas in the child’s development. A parent can secure this attachment by how they interpret and respond to their child’s needs. There are four attachment patterns that can form, secure, avoidant, ambivalent, and disorganized. A child who is secure in their attachment is able to regulate their emotions in stressful situations, exploreRead MoreParents Anxiety About Their Children Starting School1261 Words   |  6 Pagesarticle discusses how well prepared children are for school, including how independent they are and their communication and social abilities at this stage. Bayram argues that more needs to be done by schools to help parents and children prepare for school, with 1 in 4 parents saying there is little infor mation. Additionally, the article argues the importance of children’s social, emotional and communication skills, and that regular early communication between schools and parents could help familiesRead MoreWhat Is The Theories Of Three Human Development Theorists, Urie Bronfenbrenner, John Bowlby And Mary Ainsworth s Theory Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment is an essential aspect in early childhood education. This essay is going to discuss the theories of three human development theorists, Urie Bronfenbrenner, John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth’s. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems theory is concerned with family, cultural and social influences and all the other environmental elements. Bowlby’s Attachment theory and Stages of attachment and Ainsworth’s â€Å"Strange Situation† research which breaks down attachment into three types are related to the relationshipRead MoreThe Support Influence On Development Of Insufficient Parental Ca re1733 Words   |  7 Pagesquality of early attachment relationships is correlated with future personality and brain development. â€Å"The Attachment Theory is a foundation theory, developed by Bowlby. It focusses on the form, quality, and strengths of human attachments made in early life and their effects on development in pro social behaviors† (Tuner, 2011, p.30). Practitioners have found that the importance of forming a bond with a child from birth has the possibility to shape the life of a person. â€Å"Attachment Theory has emergedRead MoreThe Importance Of A Healthy Attachment For Early Childhood Development1776 Words   |  8 PagesThe importance of a healthy attachment in early childhood development can lead to a better adult development and skills for daily life. A secure and healthy attachment to the caregiver in infancy to adolescence showcases the importance of building strong relationships and coping skills during periods of stress and anxiety. The research that has been found, goes into detail about the different types of attachments that infants and children can develop as well as what negative and positive aspectsRead MoreAttachment Theory Essay1784 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction John Bowlby developed his Attachment Theory to examine and explore the contextual relationships between a child and their caregiver and their behavioral repercussions. He describes it is â€Å"a way of conceptualizing the propensity of human beings to make strong affectional bonds to particular others and of explaining the many forms of emotional distress and personality disturbance, including anxiety, anger, depression, and emotional detachment, to which unwilling separation and loss

The Effects Of Malnutrition On Educational Disparities

The Impact of Malnutrition on Educational Disparities in Africa By: Merette Khalil and Blessing Kuebee, African Students Association At the start of the millennium, various United Nations (UN) partners came together to tackle some of the world’s deadliest and most pressing social and economic problems, and in doing so, established the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In the past 15 years, the MDGs have been evaluated and re-evaluated. This year the UN has declared a new set of 17 goals for the next 15 years called the Sustainable Development Goals. The first issue on both agendas is the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, a problem that is specifically significant for the entire continent of Africa. Clarifying a few terms based on the World Food Program’s definition is essential to understanding the scope of the problem. Hunger is â€Å"not having enough to eat to meet energy requirements.† It can lead to malnutrition, which is a condition when one’s diet â€Å"does not provide adequate nutrients for growth and maintenance or when a person is not able to adequately utilize the food consumed due to illness.† Undernutrition, being nutrient deficient, being underweight and even being overweight are all complications that result from hunger. Undernourishment is when â€Å"a person is not able to acquire enough food to meet the daily minimum dietary energy requirements, over a period of one year.† Wasting is â€Å"rapid weight loss or a failure to gain weight and is strongly relatedShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography : Literacy As Foreign Aid704 Words   |  3 PagesAfrica. Journal Of Development Studies 38.4 (2002): 27. Business Source Complete. Web. 26 Sept. 2014. Appiah and McMahon analyze the connection of social outcomes and feedback effects on personal and communal economic growth in sub-Saharan African countries. The authors attempt to estimate how net education comprehensively effects, directly and indirectly, the process of economic stability and sustainability in these countries. Christopher, Nkechi M. Literacy Growth And Book Development In Africa:Read MoreHealth Care Services And The Health Of The Belizean People1614 Words   |  7 Pages Today, in Belize, there is a lack of development in regards to health care, which has a great effect on the access to care. This is, in turn, has a large effect on the health of the Belizean people. We should care because the health of any population contributes to the status of the country as a whole. With health problems comes along high numbers of reports of morbidity and mortality rates here. This can be attributed to the fact that there is a decreased amount of hospitals, clinics, and otherRead MoreThe International Olympic Committee ( Ioc ) Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pages(Varadharajan et al., 2013, p.327). With this incredibly high level of poverty comes many problems for both India and its people. One such problem is the direct link between poverty and malnutrition. Currently it is reported that 57% of ‘under-five deaths’ within India are due to the current state of poverty and malnutrition (Varadharajan et al., 2013, p.328). This is largely due to the current state of food security within India. Food security is measured by the availability, access, utilization andRead MoreMaternal And Childhood Malnutrition On Low And Middle Income Countries2036 Words   |  9 Pageschildhood malnutrition in low and middle-income countries presents a global public health challenge and threatens attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)i. Encompassing both under nutrition and obesity as well as vitamin and mineral deficiency, malnutrition can be caused by multiple factorsii. These factors are closely linked to general standards of living, education, environment and the ability of a population to meet its basic needsiii. Malnutrition has profound effects on healthRead MoreChild Poverty And Its Effects On Children s Adjustment1473 Words   |  6 PagesChild poverty is a major issue in the United States. Poverty can be associated with violence, abuse, malnutrition, problems with learning ability and school achievement and inadequate healthcare, which can negatively affect the developmental process of a child. Poverty indirectly impacts children’s adjustment and the ability to successfully adapt in the environment. This can affect the health of children and lead to psychological disorders. While it seems impossible to completely eliminate childhoodRead MoreA Brief Note On Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Health1590 Words   |  7 Pagesemotional wellbeing have significantly impacted on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health, causing the wide gap in Indigenous disadvantage. (Brennan 2015) Socioeconomic factors such as social gradient, employment and education can have a great effect on the health of individuals throughout life. (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2015) Due to lower income and unemployment experienced by Indigenous Australians, they are forced to live in poor, remote or overcrowded housing conditions,Read MorePoverty, Education, Sanitation, Malnutrition, And Child Mortality900 Words   |  4 Pages hunger, and child mortality. Several non-government organization (NGO), charitable establishments, and non- profit corporations work to advance impoverished countries and decrease disparities. These agencies partner with local, national, and international institutions to promote their particular health or educational agenda. Although, these establishments face financial shortfalls at times, they have managed to improve condition around the world in some areas. Bolivia is a country with manyRead MoreThe Health Of A Health Care System1892 Words   |  8 Pagesenvironment, educational attainment, health behaviors, childhood development, access to care, and government policy. International collaboration of ideas on the progression of transnational health is greatly endorsed for the benefit of complete global health care. Health care has social, governmental, and financial implications that affect all members of the health care system and in countries within the Central American region specially, citizens have fallen victim to health disparities that have resultedRead MoreThe Effects of Poverty on Children Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pagesgrowing up in poverty a lot of factors come into play such as their physical, psychological and emotional development. To grow up in poverty can have long term effect on a child. What should be emphasized in analyzing the effects of poverty on children is how it has caused many children around the world to su ffer from physical disorders, malnutrition, and even diminishes their capacities to function in society. Poverty has played a major role in the functioning of families and the level of social and emotionalRead MoreHealth Education in Schools1199 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Education in Schools By Paul Favors, eHow Contributor I want to do this! Whats This? Health education is the formal inclusion of the principles of wellness in the curriculum of a particular educational institution. Among the concepts taught to students are information on illness and their prevention, substance abuse and sexual relations. The ultimate purpose of health education is to allow students to have an understanding of their bodies and develop beliefs related to health. Facts

Effects of Terrorism in Indian Industries Free Essays

That’s the macro picture. A sectoral analysis sheds more light on the possible damage to different industries. â€Å"Terrorism’s economic impact has normally been short lived,† says a report titled, Economic Impact of Terrorism, by securities firm Anand Rathi Financial Services. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Terrorism in Indian Industries or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"The immediate impact of terrorism is the loss of life, destruction of property and loss of man-days. Terrorist acts also cause uncertainty, which impacts economic activity. Tourism is one of the first areas to be hit, with hospitality and transportation feeling the pain the most.Gross earnings from foreign tourists are currently around 1% of GDP. A marked slowdown in tourism activity will have a perceptible impact on not only the hospitality and transportation sectors, but also on the overall economy. â€Å"The impact on the earnings side (through lower room occupancy, depressed room rental, lower passenger traffic or lower air fares) may eventually reverse once the situation normalizes. On the expenditure side, though, the impact of higher costs from increased preventive arrangements and higher insurance premiums is likely to be more permanent. An important subset of tourism — medical tourism — is also likely to slow in the short term. â€Å"Hospitality and tourism are two sectors that will certainly take a direct hit,† says Chakrabarti of ISB. â€Å"This will be a gut reaction to the event and, if nothing else happens, then things will soon get back to normal. † According to Rangar, â€Å"Estimates suggest that nationally hotels have seen about 60% booking cancellations. † Holiday destinations such as Goa are feeling the pinch even more because of intelligence reports that they could be future targets for terrorists.Hotel occupancy in western India is down some 25% and rates have plunged. Civil aviation is another sector in the dumps. But it was already troubled before the attacks. Rangar believes the overall damage to India’s economy could be significant. â€Å"Analysts have already started giving initial estimates that suggest the loss in business due to the attacks would be about $100 billion, arising from crucial institutions, such as the stock exchanges, commodities and money markets, and business and commercial establishments which remained closed,† he notes. There is also a hit of $20 billion on the foreign exchange front. But though the numbers are alarming, it is just a matter of time before the city and its people rise to face the situation. † Exports, already down, could be further hit as foreign buyers put off visits. â€Å"International clients prefer to stay at five star hotels such as the Taj and the Oberoi,† says Ganesh Kumar Singh, president of the Federation of Indian Export Organizations.They now see a risk staying at any five star hotel. The U. S. ommercial nuclear mission has put off its India trip as have delegations from several other countries. The perception of increased risk in India could also impact the IT industry, which depends on client visits to seal deals. But the larger firms in the IT industry have already spread their risk; they have back-up operations in other countries such as China. The effect there will be only temporary. Some analysts, however, believe that the business process outsourcing (BPO) industry may not be so lucky. Oil gas and other large operations are vulnerable to attack,† says the Anand Rathi report. Beefing up security will add to their costs. But these are strategic industrial assets for the country as a whole, and part of the expenditure is likely to be borne by the government. Does anybody gain? Certain lines of IT, particularly those related to security, will get some benefit. â€Å"Companies catering to defense, security and surveillance needs are likely to see a boost in demand,† says the Anand Rathi report. Rangar ends on a note of confidence. â€Å"Despite the slowdown — and the recent incidents — global companies are expected to continue to exhibit their confidence in India,† he says. Adds Chakrabarti: â€Å"The confidence crisis is far worse in other parts of the world compared to India. Foreign investors need to put their money somewhere and India still looks very attractive. At worst we will grow at 6%. Most countries would die to grow at this rate at this point in time. â€Å" How to cite Effects of Terrorism in Indian Industries, Papers

Personal Fitness Essay Example For Students

Personal Fitness Essay Physical Education1-29-99Lou Zerr, a well-known 17 year old male attending Sinker High School, is very disliked by his peers, mostly because of his low self-confidence and low self-esteem. Lou Zerr is known to be a foolish rich kid that has an attitude. Everyone sees him as the loser that sits at home watching television. Lou Zerr sees himself as very stupid. Lou has a very good friend, Smad Free, that happens to be an Olympic Gold Medal winner in the 1984 Summer Olympics in swimming competition. He feels, as though, he needs a lot of exercise and Smad Free really pushes Lou to exercise. He tells Lou that he will need to do plenty of swimming and riding bikes. Lou informed Smad that he didnt know how to swim or ride a bike. He feels, as though, he needs a lot of exercise and Smad Free really pushes Lou to exercise. He tells Lou that he will need to do plenty of swimming and riding bikes. Lou informed Smad that he didnt know how to swim or ride a bike. Smad said that he would teach him to do both, if he would agree to have plenty of motivation to lose weight, gain self-confidence and self-esteem, and commit to the training. After reading books on heart rates and obesity, Lou figured out his target heart rate zone and felt that riding a bike and swimming would be essential to a good workout. Lou was determined to get his current resting heart rate of 80 decreased to 60, to hopefully fall into his target heart rate zone of 154 to 185, and to lose 10 pounds from 170 pounds. He would eventually be in shape. Currently in the middle of summer on August 1, 1997, Smad decided it would be best to begin with training Lou to ride a bike then to swim. Lou would ride his bike in the morning and swim in the late afternoon Lou and Smad went to different stores to purchase the best of everything or close to it. After acquiring everything, Smad began to teach Lou to do his warm-ups and eating right. Lou would begin the morning with a 2 different fruits and a small glass of orange juice. He would then have to walk for five minutes, next begin to jog for 3 minutes, then walk for three. After his jog he would do his stretches. He would begin by stretching his arms out and then focusing on his legs. Finally finished with warm-ups, Smad would teach him to ride a bike. After Lou finished putting on his gear to ride, Smad explained that he must be very balanced. Lou had watched people ride bikes for years thus helping him to learn quickly. Approximately a half-hour later, Lou was riding his bike very well. Smad became satisfied and determined that both of them would go on a short ride to begin training. Smad felt 5 minutes riding slowly, speeding up for another 5, sprinting for 5, and finally 10 minutes slowly. Smad and Lou would continue do this for one week and progress slowly for two months. Lou would also have to do the same in the late afternoon swimming. He would have to begin by eating less to lower his calories. He would have to begin by eating plenty of vegetables, different meats, and plenty of noodles, breads, etc. He would have to have plenty of starches, oils and sweets. He would have to have plenty of energy, but he would still have to burn fat. Smad suggests a fruit, juice and simple meat sandwich for lunch. Smad suggested what to eat for dinner, but Smad was too determined to lose weight so he decided that he would ignore Smad and only eat a simple sandwich for dinner. Lou felt that suffering is a small price to pay to lose weight and get fit. Approximately an hour or two after lunch, Lou would begin to learn how to swim. .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .postImageUrl , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:hover , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:visited , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:active { border:0!important; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:active , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on The Importance of Extracurricular Activities Essay Lou would do the same warm-ups as in the morning except he would have to focus on stretching his arms and legs more thoroughly this time. It took about a week to teach Lou how to swim, but Lou was doing very well and improvement was visible already. Smad began Lou on 5 minutes of movement in the water, 10 minutes of slow swimming with different strokes, then he would speed up for 5 minutes, and then slow down the intensity .