Festive Words

Importance of Symbolism and Setting in The Yellow Wallpaper

Significance of Symbolism and Setting in The Yellow Wallpaper   â In the upsetting novel, The Yellow Wallpaper, the setting wherein the activity happens is critical. The writer utilizes setting to center the reader’s consideration into the story in a slow way. Additionally, the control of setting permits the creator to unobtrusively present images in the content. These images speak to Gilman’s see on the status of ladies in the man centric culture of the nineteenth century. The story appears as a diary of the primary character. In this way, the reader’s see is restricted to the impressions of a solitary character, Jane. Considering some foundation data on Gilman, one can without much of a stretch reach the inference that the story is really an impression of individual experience. Gilman has endured an extraordinary mental gloom as the aftereffect of mental medicines, before composing this short story. The creator distinguishes herself with this character. Because of her unexpected frailty, Jane tunes in to the doctor’s counsel and diverts the vitality she some time ago spent on stresses to air and exercise, and journeys(Gilman 946). She constantly concentrates on the general condition and she gives a lot of consideration to detail in her diary depictions, going with these portrayals with individual impressions, more often than not; due to the abstract view, the peruser acclimatizes these impressions as though they were his own. Setting is significant for the character - she has resulted in these present circumstances place with the expectation that the general condition will have a positive impact in her condition of wellbeing. In any case, it is in any event as significant for the peruser also, on the grounds that the peruser is firmly bound to the character’s considerations and impressions and a... ...he Jaundiced Eye: Foucauldian Panopticism in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's 'The Yellow Wallpaper.' Studies in Short Fiction. 31, (1994): 39-46. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. New York: Feminist Press, 1973. - . The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman: An Autobiography. New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1935. Brilliant, Catherine, ed. The Captive Imagination: A Casebook on The Yellow Wallpaper. New York: Feminist Press, 1992. - . The Writing of 'The Yellow Wallpaper': A Double Palimpsest. Studies in American Fiction. 17 (1989): 193-201. Haney-Peritz, Janice. Grand Feminism and Literature's Ancestral House: Another Look at 'The Yellow Wallpaper' Women's Studies. 12 (1986): 113-128. Kasmer, Lisa. Charlotte Perkins Gilman's 'The Yellow Wallpaper': A Symptomatic Reading. Literature and Psychology. 36, (1990): 1-15. Significance of Symbolism and Setting in The Yellow Wallpaper Significance of Symbolism and Setting in The Yellow Wallpaper   â In the upsetting novel, The Yellow Wallpaper, the setting wherein the activity happens is critical. The writer utilizes setting to center the reader’s consideration into the story in a steady way. Additionally, the control of setting permits the creator to quietly present images in the content. These images speak to Gilman’s see on the status of ladies in the man centric culture of the nineteenth century. The story appears as a diary of the primary character. Consequently, the reader’s see is restricted to the impressions of a solitary character, Jane. Considering some foundation data on Gilman, one can without much of a stretch reach the determination that the story is really an impression of individual experience. Gilman has endured an outrageous mental discouragement as the consequence of mental medications, before composing this short story. The creator distinguishes herself with this character. Because of her unexpected weakness, Jane tunes in to the doctor’s exhortation and sidetracks the vitality she once in the past spent on stresses to air and exercise, and journeys(Gilman 946). She consistently concentrates on the general condition and she gives a lot of consideration to detail in her diary depictions, going with these portrayals with individual impressions, more often than not; as a result of the emotional view, the peruser absorbs these impressions as though they were his own. Setting is significant for the character - she has resulted in these present circumstances place with the expectation that the general condition will have a positive impact in her condition of wellbeing. Be that as it may, it is in any event as significant for the peruser too, on the grounds that the peruser is firmly bound to the character’s considerations and impressions and a... ...he Jaundiced Eye: Foucauldian Panopticism in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's 'The Yellow Wallpaper.' Studies in Short Fiction. 31, (1994): 39-46. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. New York: Feminist Press, 1973. - . The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman: An Autobiography. New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1935. Brilliant, Catherine, ed. The Captive Imagination: A Casebook on The Yellow Wallpaper. New York: Feminist Press, 1992. - . The Writing of 'The Yellow Wallpaper': A Double Palimpsest. Studies in American Fiction. 17 (1989): 193-201. Haney-Peritz, Janice. Fantastic Feminism and Literature's Ancestral House: Another Look at 'The Yellow Wallpaper' Women's Studies. 12 (1986): 113-128. Kasmer, Lisa. Charlotte Perkins Gilman's 'The Yellow Wallpaper': A Symptomatic Reading. Literature and Psychology. 36, (1990): 1-15.

Debatable Essay Topics

Debatable Essay TopicsDebating essay topics can be a worthwhile exercise for students, especially for those who are in the process of revising or improving on their grades. As they debate with themselves and their peers, the students may be more conscious of their mistakes and demonstrate greater self-awareness.One of the ways to help you deal with your revisions during the semester is to make sure that you write about topics that will either be of assistance in the reading materials or in the final exam. The essay topics are typically what you will have to deal with as the semester progresses. Here are some of the best debatable essay topics to help you work through your essay writing.Writing an essay in defense of your own beliefs. This is an excellent debate topic because it can be pointed out by the other student. It is usually worth the time to set aside an hour or two to focus on this topic and to really listen to both sides. The tone should be lighthearted and the ideas can be compelling.Deciding whether a complicated argument is worth giving it more thought. When you address the debate topic you are familiar with, you can use this to better help yourself. The topic can also be used in a stand-alone essay to enhance your current grade.Your own perspectives on a particular subject are often put into words and then challenged. If this is your opinion you should give it more attention as an argumentative essay topic. However, your own personal perspective is something that you should not focus on too much.Emotional, sensitive issues are also debatable essay topics. Even if it is something as personal as sexual abuse, you can still use it to better represent your point of view. Many times a student feels differently about something that is personal than something that is serious or important.Writing about political or social issues in an essay can be another topic that can help you sharpen your point of view. The scope of this topic could be political or soc ial views of a leader, country, company, etc. When the topic is anything political, it can help you examine how politics affect you.These are some of the best debatable essay topics to help you write more effectively. They can help you add more depth to your arguments. You should also note that these topics can also help improve your grade. Remember to always be prepared before writing your essay, and try to study your topic before you tackle it in order to be confident about it.

Visual Learning Style as Perceived by DLSL Education...

Introduction Throughout many researches they found out that most of the 21st century learners are visual learners or someone who â€Å"needs to see it to know it,† (S.D.Fliess, 2009) Visual learners are those who learn things best through seeing them. Visual learners often prefer to sit in the front of the class and watch the lecture closely, because in this manner they see visual clearly so they understand and remember lessons. Visual aids such as maps, graph, pictures and colorful outline are the effective tools that can be used by teacher to accommodate students that are visual learners. Often, these students will find that confusing information makes more sense when it is explained with the aid of a chart or picture. These types of learners learn best with visual aid when studying, like a colorful outline of test materials, he or she may retain more information. For this type of learner, visual tools improve the ability to recall information more completely; these tools have a big impact to a visual learner. (G Fleming, 2013) Some visual learners are characterise by using maps, pictures, diagrams, and color; needs to see the teacher’s body language/facial expression to fully comprehend; often closes their eyes to visualize or remember something. Teachers may also teach students to use highlighters when going through their notes and to create flashcards when studying for tests and learning information. These are the way on how will a teacher caters a student that is visual

Pharmaceutical Pricing The New Drug War - 2164 Words

Executive Summary The report talks about the news article â€Å"Pharmaceutical Pricing: The New Drug War† and how the concept of â€Å"Cooperation, Collision and Competition† Intellectual Property are related to it. The report also discusses the news article in the light of some theoretical background and talks about Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) deal, which will have some significant impact to certain industries e.g. Pharmaceutical industry, of the countries that will become a part of this deal. Introduction The international trade relationship among countries is complex which combined both challenges and opportunities. International trade agreements between countries might bring some opportunities to some developing countries in some†¦show more content†¦Pharmaceutical industry. A negative aspect of TPP is that it will not encourage competition and positive aspect is that it encourages Intellectual Property protection. Explanation Pharmaceuticals are beneficial to form a public good as they not only prevent epidemics but also keep people healthy in a society. According to The Economist’s report (2014) about Pharmaceutical pricing, Pharmaceutical firms sue those who try to manufacture and sell patented drugs for a song to protect the intellectual property that drugs represent. Due to this, pharmaceutical companies are accused of disregarding the sufferings of the poor and exploiting the sick. These pharmaceutical companies are in business to make a profit hence arguments over drugs pricing are always on the rise. The report mentions activists who are suing to block the patenting in India of a new Hepatitis C drug that has just been consented by American regulators so that the drug can be copied and sold at a cheap price by other companies (Economist, 2014). The intellectual property is essential in pharmaceutical industry, which is usually embodied in laws regarding patents, copyrights and trademarks etc. It motivates the sustainable development of the innovation of the pharmaceutical companies (Richard Rozek 1990). A deal was signed in 1994, in which governments enable a generic drug maker to produce a patented medicine under the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property

Size Zero free essay sample

To be told you are not perfect enough can kill a young woman inside. Even more disturbing is the internal torture on a woman physically. Being ‘fat’ is becoming an epidemic in the UK. Although there is a small minority who are unheard and being shadowed by those who are being provided lifesaving treatment by the NHS. Eating disorders take a terrible toll on internal organs but also fertility and most importantly mental health. This is a result of the ‘Size Zero’ name tag being placed on a woman’s shoulders. Why a ‘0’? A zero is round. So why does the fashion industry relate this to a transparent skeletal frame? Anorexia and Bulimia are the most common eating disorders in the UK and are the cause of ‘Size Zero’ phenomenon. Bulimia – known medically as Bulimia Nervosa – is an eating disorder marked by cycles of binge eating of excessive quantities of food, followed by purging using self-induced vomiting and laxatives. The result of excessive vomiting can be of the burning of the oesophagus and also cause dehydration and chemical imbalances in the blood. Controversy surrounding the deadly actuality of size zero has escalated intensely in the past decade, bringing a whole new generation of new young women that are victims of this phenomenon. The burden of being thin on a woman’s shoulders is a heavy one, especially in the modelling industry. It is a row the fashion industry hoped had gone away. Tragedies including the death of 28-year-old model Isabelle Caro in November – who had posed nude for an anti-anorexia campaign – prompted many designers to stop using size zero models. But the demand for waifs is still widespread. In the 90s, super-skinny sizes zero figure (UK size 4) became the benchmark for aspiring models. It has since been blamed for sparking extreme dieting, eating disorders and even fatalities. In August 2006, Uruguayan model Luisel Ramos, 22, died after living on Diet Coke and lettuce for three months her sister Eliana, 18, died of malnutrition the following February while in November, Brazilian model Ana Carolina Reston, 21, died of anorexia. The World Health Organisation said underweight models sent out dangerous signals to impressionable girls. Prada, Versace and Armani banned size zero catwalk models, but in 2007 the British Fashion Council refused to do the same at London Fashion Week despite a report showing 40% of models could have an eating disorder. Two years ago, Vogue editor Alexandra Shulman attacked fashion houses for pushing ever thinner models into magazines by providing minuscule garments for shoots that only fit models with jutting bones and no breasts or hips. Young women seeking a sense of self-esteem, self-identity and confident femininity are more vulnerable to societys seductive messages suggesting that in order to be worthy, sexy, successful, powerful and happy they must pursue the perfect body at all costs. They look up to and emulate female role models for direction about how to live as a woman in our society. Mothers also provide powerful role models for their daughters and their personal attitudes and behaviours regarding body shape and eating patterns can have a huge influence for better or worse. Acquiring a healthy self-esteem which is not based predominantly on body shape and weight is critical for lasting emotional and physical health. Any childhood experience such as bullying, repeated harsh criticism or sexual abuse can damage growing self-esteem and increases a young persons vulnerability to developing an eating problem and trying to use it as a way to boost their low self-worth and regain a sense of control over their lives. Leading designers have defended themselves against accusations that they force excessively skinny models on to the pages of fashion magazines by supplying clothes for photo shoots that are too small for â€Å"normal† women. The claims, made by Vogues editor, Alexandra Shulman, have been hailed as a turning point in the controversial size zero debate, which has cast a shadow over the catwalk industry since the deaths of three models from complications related to malnutrition. As they sashay along the catwalks for the beginning of London Fashion Week today, stick-thin models will be the centre of attention. Yet not all will be women: boys are now under pressure to achieve size zero figures, too. Health experts are warning of more men developing eating disorders. Janet Treasure, director of the eating disorders unit and professor of psychiatry at Guys, Kings and St Thomas medical school in London, said that images of male models had an effect on men that was comparable with the size-zero fads among women. Fashion models and stylish Hollywood starlets have become notorious for bad girl, diva behaviour while charitable works and humanitarian ventures have catapulted others to fame. Dress size has yet to tarnish a fashion icon’s reputation. Until this year, when emaciated young actresses and fashion models began to appear in increasing numbers in fashion events and the tabloid press. But eating disorders show up in lots of industries. Modelling isnt the only one. Sports such as ballet and figure skating are among the most common for anorexia to be present. As the media continues to debate the prevalence of emaciated models, another size zero culture continues silently behind velvet curtains. And its not only in Russia. You only have to glance at photographs of ballet dancers in companies around the world to see that the problem of eating disorders is deeply embedded. Directors of ballet schools and companies, like modelling agencies and designers, are now better versed in what they should be saying when confronted with the issue, but this doesnt mean that the problem has gone away. It is estimated that 1. 1 million people in the UK have eating disorders. The majority are young women between 12 and 24 years old. Nil by mouth seems to have become the motto by a growing army of girls and this needs to stop. What happens on a runway is only a sliver of the problem. Better parenting and better nurturing could counsel these girls into better states of mind. Also more importantly a more sympathetic and responsible media could help to save the physical and physiological health of a generation of young women. We should be grateful for who we are – individual and unique. No one is perfect or is going to ever be perfect so why should anyone care? Word Count: 1167

Separation of power in Malaysia free essay sample

Separation of Power in Malaysia BN Government change the rule Nasri Talking That cases before the courts were not intervened by any quarters and that there were cases where the Judgments were not in favour of the executive do not equate to the doctrine in practice. (Phrases within quotation marks taken from a Bernama news report attributed to Nazr who was speaking during the question-and-answer session in the Dewan Rakyat recently. Separation of Power has been dead for TWO decade Furthermore, the doctrine is a means and the end is the protection of the rakyat ecured through the upholding of the sanctity and independence of the Judiciary. Either way, as things stand, the credibility of the Barisan Nasional (BN) government and the Judiciary has hung in the balance over the past two decades. The doctrine, which calls for checks and balances between the three estates of government, has been dead in the countrys system of political governance since 1998. We will write a custom essay sample on Separation of power in Malaysia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Two-thirds majority is NOT good for any country That was when former prime minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad, backed by a solid two-thirds majority in parliament, made the Judiciary a subordinate estate. It temmed from one of the most crucial amendments of the Federal Constitution that has caused much angst and deliberations among Jurists. Many saw the amendment as having taken away the Judiciarys inherent common law Jurisdiction and the check against abuse of executive power, be it arising from administrative measures or via substantive laws. Judicial power of the federation was taken away In essence, the amended provision Article 121 (1) took away Judicial power of the federation from the Judiciary, which shall only have such Jurisdiction and powers as may be conferred by or under federal law. In practice, Judges have more often than not become subservient to parliament, which is under the control of the executive, and their ability to deliver Justice according to common law and even basic principles of rule of law is shackled. Judges still could not deliver Justice in ISA detention For instance, there have been many cases whereby Judges had been unable to deliver Justice in ISA detention cases but for procedural irregularities. The interpretation and context of national security is solely the domain and Judgment of the minister. That is what the doctrine of separation of powers promises to curb the oncentration, arbitrary use and abuse of executive power. At least two chief Justices during their respective tenure have alluded to the fact that the doctrine is amiss in the country. Amendment made in anger to injustice lasting a generation Under former prime minister Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawis administration, the then chief Justice, Tun Abdul Hamid Mohamad, said in June last year that the move by the government to amend Article 121 (1) shows that an amendment made in anger as a reaction to a decision of the court could last for one generation. That was when Datuk Zaid Ibrahim was the de facto law minister, who claimed that his efforts to initiate legal reforms largely failed due to strong resistance from within Umno. Referring to the governments purported intention to revert to the original provision, Abdul Hamid had said: Water finds its own level. We believe in separation of powers. The principle must apply equally to the three branches the executive, the legislature and the Judiciary of the government. He was also reported as saying that there should not be any double standards in favour of either of the three branches at any ones convenience. Another former chief Justice, Tun Ahmad Fairuz Sheikh Abdul Halim, in a public speech in Singapore three years ago, laid out the conflicting thoughts and struggle of Jurists with Article 121 (1) but did not provide any definitive answers. Malaysian Judiciary is subservient to the wishes of the legislature However, he did acknowledge that pursuant to a literal interpretation of the provision, the Judiciary is subservient to the wishes of the legislature in which the executive under the system of responsible government has to a large extent control of what legislation to enact. International Bar Council Effort He even cited the concerns expressed by the International Bar Association on the effect of the amendment. The association had at that time said: It seems to us that this amendment has had the effect of eliminating the inherent powers and jurisdiction of the courts. It therefore fundamentally disturbs the concept of the separation of powers and affects the ability of the Judiciary to enforce fundamental rights. It tends to make the Judiciary an arm of the legislature, an instrument of the executive. Citation from International Commission of Jurists The International Commission of Jurists was also cited: The formulation of 121 of the Constitution makes the High Courts Jurisdiction and powers dependent upon federal law, e the court has no constitutionally entrenched original Jurisdiction. This undermines the separation of powers and presents a subtle form of influence over the exercise of Judicial power. This makes the operation of the High Court depende nt upon the legislature and is a threat to the structural independence of the Judiciary. We cannot leave the rule of law to chance As argued in this column previously, the country cannot afford to leave the rule of law nd democracy to chance. The Malaysian executive branch and the Judiciary would never garner credibility and earn trust from the people until and unless transformation is made. Make no mistake, the powers bestowed on the state under the Sedition Act and Internal Security Act as well as other draconian legislation are wide ranging and are susceptible to arbitrary use. Right the wrong now please The Home Ministry, which is in the midst of reviewing a few such legislation, must take the opportunity to do the right things towards unshackling the Judiciary from the executives grip. Only then can his colleague and fellow minister, Nazr, declare with a certain pride that a democratic country like Malaysia upholds a doctrine as sacrosanct as the separation of powers. 2) Understanding the separation of power HE Bar Councils Constitutional Law Committee (ConstiLC) is back with the second phase of its public education campaign MyConstitution or PerlembagaanKu. It will be launched tomorrow, 15 Jan 2010, and will discuss the separation of powers. Part one ot the campaign was on knowing the Federal Constitution. ConstiLC deputy co-chair Mahaletchumi Balakrishnan and committee member Daniel Albert, who drafted the econd Rakyat Guides booklet explaining the separation of powers, tell The Nut Graph why it is such an important concept. They also discuss where it has failed in Malaysia and the consequences, in an 8 Jan 2010 interview in Kuala Lumpur. TNG: How does the campaign break down the concept of separation of powers for people? Daniel Albert: The Rakyat Guide booklet is titled Constitutional Institutions and the Separation of Power. It will discuss the three institutions which govern a country † the legislative, the executive, and the Judiciary. Separation of powers is needed so hat no one institution becomes too powerful. And each institution is able to function as a check or watchdog on other institutions. How is this concept supposed to work? If Parliament were to enact a law that was not in line with the constitution, the courts would have the power to declare the law ineffective. Or if the government had a policy that breached fundamental liberties, the court could declare the policy ineffective and remedy the situation. As for Parliament, it is supposed to ensure that the government functions in accordance with the constitution through debates, here cabinet ministers are answerable to Parliament. If Parliament is not happy, there is the option of a vote of no-confidence. So the separation of powers provides for this system of checks and balances to ensure there is accountability and transparency in the way the country is governed. AlbertThere are also other constitutional institutions such as the Attorney-Generals Chambers, the Elections Commission, the Auditor-General, the Pardons Board, and the Land Tribunal. The booklet briefly describes all these. What about the Judiciarys role in this check-and-balance system? Albert: Its significant because there is rarely a meaningful system of check and balance between Parliament and government. The prime minister is the leader of the majority in Parliament. He [or she] can control Parliament to some extent through the party whip. The prime minister chooses the cabinet, and in the Malaysian context all cabinet members must also be members of Parliament. But the Judiciary is seen as more independent in terms of appointment. The question is whether the Judiciary is playing a meaningful role in the system right now. Where do you think public understanding of the separation of powers is at? Mahaletchumi: Our gauge has been public commentary in the media, media articles, and current issues which give us a general feel of public awareness. When we engaged university students in our campaigns first phase, they were excited. Many students are aware of current issues, but because theyVe never been taught about the constitution, they cant connect the dots. I think the lack of public debate when Article 121(1) of the Federal Constitution was amended in 1988 indicates the level of awareness about the separation of powers. Prior to the amendment, courts had the power to adjudicate on any matter that arose. But the amendment gave the courts confined powers as provided to them by federal law. This has a huge impact on the separation of powers. But the amendment was passed regardless, and with very little public debate.

Platybelodon - Facts and Figures

Platybelodon - Facts and Figures Name: Platybelodon (Greek for flat tusk); pronounced PLAT-ee-BELL-oh-don Habitat: Swamps, lakes and rivers of Africa and Eurasia Historical Epoch: Late Miocene (10 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 10 feet long and 2-3 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Flat, shovel-shaped, joined tusks on lower jaw; possible prehensile trunk About Platybelodon As you may have guessed from its name, Platybelodon (Greek for flat tusk) was a close relative of Amebelodon (shovel-tusk): both of these prehistoric elephants presumably used their flattened lower tusks to dig up the moist vegetation along the flooded plains, lakebeds and riverbanks of late Miocene Africa and Eurasia, about 10 million years ago. The main difference between the two was that Platybelodons fused silverware was much more advanced than Amebelodons, with a broad, concave, serrated surface that bore an uncanny resemblance to a modern spork; measuring about two or three feet long and a foot wide, it certainly gave this prehistoric proboscid a pronounced underbite. Recent scholarship has challenged the claim that Platybelodon wielded its lower tusk like a spork, digging this appendage deep into the muck and dredging up hundreds of pounds of vegetation. It turns out that Platybelodons double lower tusk was much more densely and robustly built than would have been required for this simple task; an alternative theory is that this elephant grasped the branches of trees with its trunk, then swung its massive head back and forth to scythe down the tough plants underneath, or eve strip and eat bark. (You can thank Henry Fairfield Osborn, the one-time director of the American Museum of Natural History, for the trunkless dredging scenario, which he popularized in the 1930s.)

Sphinx Moths, Family Sphingidae

Sphinx Moths, Family Sphingidae Members of the family Sphingidae, the sphinx moths, attract attention with their large size and ability to hover. Gardeners and farmers will recognize their larvae as the pesky hornworms that can wipe out a crop in a matter of days. All About Sphinx Moths Sphinx moths, also known as hawkmoths, fly fast and strong, with rapid wingbeats. Most are nocturnal, though some will visit flowers during the day. Sphinx moths are medium to large in size, with thick bodies and wingspans of 5 inches or more. Their abdomens typically end in a point. In sphinx moths, the hindwings are markedly smaller than the forewings. Antennae are thickened. Sphinx moth larvae are called hornworms, for a harmless but pronounced horn on the dorsal side of their hind ends. Some hornworms do significant damage to agricultural crops, and are therefore considered pests. In their final instars, sphinx moth caterpillars can be quite large, some measuring as long as your pinky finger. Classification of Sphinx Moths Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum – ArthropodaClass – InsectaOrder – LepidopteraFamily - Sphingidae The Sphinx Moth Diet Most adults nectar on flowers, extending a long proboscis to do so. Caterpillars feed on a range of host plants, including both woody and herbaceous plants. Sphingid larvae usually have specific host plants, rather than being generalist feeders. The Sphinx MothLife Cycle Female moths lay eggs, usually singly, on host plants. Larvae may hatch within a few days or several weeks, depending on species and environmental variables. When the caterpillar reaches its final instar, it pupates. Most Sphingid larvae pupate in the soil, though some spin cocoons in leaf litter. In places where winter occurs, Sphingid moths overwinter in the pupal stage. Special Adaptations and Defenses of Sphinx Moths Some sphinx moths nectar on pale, deep flowers, employing an unusually long proboscis. The proboscis of certain Sphingidae species can measure a full 12 inches long. Sphinx moths are also famous for their ability to hover at flowers, much like hummingbirds. In fact, some Sphingids resemble bees or hummingbirds and can move sideways and stop in midair. Range and Distribution of Sphinx Moths Worldwide, over 1200 species of sphinx moths have been described. About 125 species of Sphingidae live in North America. Sphinx moths live on all continents except Antarctica.

Zara Company Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Zara Company Analysis - Essay Example This marketing report presents a set for recommendations for the fashion retailer, Zara. These recommendations are based on the analysis of external and internal environment. The analysis of the external environment relies on theories such as the PESTLE Analysis and Porter’s Value Chain Analysis. The analysis of the internal environment relies on the analysis of the company using Resource/ Capabilities Analysis and Value Chain Analysis. Zara is a fashion retailer owned and operated by the Spanish company, Indetix Group. This fashion retailer has introduced a different strategy within the fashion market that goes against the existing strategies of the fashion industry (Anon, nd.). Despite this, or rather on account of this, the company has managed to record profitable growth since its inception. However, in order to pursue further growth, it is necessary to analyze the current strategy. ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT PESTEL Analysis PESTLE Analysis is a widely used analysis to understand the external environment of the company. It is an acronym for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors that have an impact on the overall operations of the organization (Henry, 2008). Political Factors Since companies operate within a certain geographic boundary or boundaries, the government has an impact on the company. It impacts through the laws and restrictions placed on the companies. Since Zara operates mainly in Spain and the UK, which falls within the EU countries therefore the political landscape of this area should be understood. The EU is beneficial for the company as it has made the entire region work as a local market. This allows the company to get fair advantage in the entire EU market. Zara is also operating outside Spain and EU markets and in markets such as USA, Dubai and Singapore. In this regard, the company needs to ensure that such countries have friendly relations with the national base of the company which is Spain. Also such countries should have a politically stable government so that the company continues to enjoy friendly terms. Economic Factors In terms of the economic factors, companies all around the world have been seriously hit with the financial c risis that struck the entire world in 2009. This has hampered the buying power on the consumers and most

Management and Organizational Behavior Case Study

Management and Organizational Behavior - Case Study Example r higher positions before sourcing from outside the company as evidenced by the promotion of Aaron Nelson and Kyle Christiansen from state billing office manager to the VP of Technology and director of the new unit of Medical Billing respectively (Case Study: Growth Pains at Mountain States Healthcare 1). Mountain States Healthcare was facing issues of high turnover in the recently consolidated medical billing directorate and was anticipating failing cash flow. These issues were drawing largely from the inflexibility of the leadership of Kyle Christiansen. Christiansen was instigating changes that were causing undesirable results especially on the employees working in his unit. Christiansen made promises to his employees when he rose to power but after two months, he was not delivering on these promises, and this made his juniors doubt his ability. The employees were aggravated over the cut-down of their work roles and flextime. Those in the offices that were being closed down were living for jobs in other companies. The software in the directorate was failing due to overloading. The postponement of issues addressed to Christiansen, his oversimplification of some, and excessive exertion of his authority demonstrated the ineffectiveness of his leadership (Case Study: Growth Pains at M ountain States Healthcare 3). The decision by the Board of Directors of Mountain States Healthcare to expand operations to states beyond Utah was a desirable aspect of the company’s management process. This is because the growth in profits would have led to the company outgrowing the potential of its initial market share. Additionally, the fact that this expansion would increase the profitability of the company’s shareholders showed that the board emphasized social responsibility. The decision to outsource consultancy services on the concern of how to cut on unnecessary administrative costs showed that the board’s management process aspired for objectivity (Case Study: Growth

The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe - C.S. Lewis :: Lion Witch Wardrobe Essays

The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe - C.S. Lewis The main characters in this story are Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy. During a war in London they were sent to a professor's house outside London. Lucy, while exploring with her brothers and sister, found a secret passage through the wardrobe to Naria,a secret world. In Naria there are other characters. One of them is the White Witch,also known as the Queen of Naria, who was like a tyrant. If anyone disobeyed her she turned them to stone. Another character Aslan, a lion, saved Naria from the rule of the White Witch. Most of this story takes place in Naria. The main conflict is how Naria can live under the rule of the White Witch. The Beavers set out to take Peter, Susan, and Lucy (not Edmund because he went to the witch ) to the four thrones so they ( four children united ) can rule over Naria and destroy the witch. The Beavers and the three children were walking in the snow because there it was always winter. Although it was always winter Christmas never arrived. After they awoke th e next day they saw Father Christmas who gave them gifts.Mrs. Beaver received a new sewing machine. Mr. Beaver's dam was fixed and finished. Peter was given a shield and sword. Susan received a bow, arrows, and a horn. Lucy's gift was a bottle of healing juice and a dagger. that was the climax of the book because the spell of the White Witch was fading. Then they met up with Aslan and he freed all the stone figures and made them his army. The resolution of the book is when Aslan's army and the witches army confront and Aslan's army wins. Peter kills the witch at the end of the battle. The impression I got from this book is that Naria is a land of surprises and I'm excited that this years assignment will allow me to read more of " The Chronicles of Naria " .

The Effect Of Obestatin Health And Social Care Essay

The present survey was designed to measure the effects of chronic intra peritoneal disposal of obestatin on plasma testosterone concentrations and cellular morphometry of the testicles in male Sprague Dawly rats. Treatment groups were injected with obestatin ( 1nmol/100  µl saline i.p ) while the control groups received saline ( 100  µl i.p ) for 10 back-to-back yearss. Blood samples were collected at different clip intervals during and after the dose disposal. Testiss were removed after killing the rats on yearss 5 and 15 after the last injection. Plasma testosterone concentrations were found significantly high ( p & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) in the obestatin treated groups as compared to the control groups. Testicular histomorphometry revealed that obestatin intervention caused a important addition in the primary spermatocytes ( P & A ; lt ; 0.0001 ) , secondary spermatocytes and spermatids ( P & A ; lt ; 0.005 ) and Leydig cells population ( p & A ; lt ; 0.0001 ) both after five and 15 yearss. These findings indicate that obestatin significantly proliferate different testicular cell types and heighten testosterone secernment in male Sprague Dawley rats during peri-pubertal phase of development. Assorted peptide endocrines are secreted from the intestine and enter circulation that regulates nutrient consumption, energy balance and stomachic motility [ Tache et Al. 2004 ; Young et Al. 2005 ; Baynes et Al. 2006 ; Cummings et Al. 2007 ] . The oxyntic mucous membrane cells secrete two peptide endocrines, ghrelin and obestatin which are considered as functional adversaries of each other. Ghrelin addition nutrient intake while obestatin cut down nutrient consumption [ Zhang et Al. 2005: Gualillo et Al. 2006 ] . G-protein coupled receptor GHS-R1a is considered as ghrelin receptor [ McKee et Al. 1997 ] . Another G-protein coupled receptor GPR39 which belongs to the ghrelin receptor household and is considered as receptor of obestatin [ Zhang et al. , 2005 ] . In gnawers, obestatin look was reported in assorted tissues including stomachic mucous membrane, myentric rete perinatal pancreas every bit good as in the Leydig cells of the testicle [ Chanonie et Al. 2006 ; Dun et Al. 2006 ; Zhang et Al. 2005 ] . It was reported that obestatin can non go through blood encephalon barrier, nevertheless its look has been reported in the encephalon. It was therefore postulated that obestatin might make the encephalon through the average distinction [ Pan et Al. 2006 ; Jackson et Al. 2006 ] . Data sing the engagement of obestatin in the generative maps is still missing nevertheless in a recent survey it was found that obestatin might be involved in the ordinance of ovarian granulose cells maps. It was reported that obestatin significantly increase Lipo-Lutin secernment and bring on programmed cell death in civilized porcine ovarian granulose cells [ Meszarosova et Al. 2007 ] . Engagement of ghrelin in the ordinance of generative maps has besides been reported. It was found that intervention with ghrelin for 10 back-to-back yearss resulted in the suppression of proliferative stage of different testicular cells during peri-pubertal phase. In the back bead of these findings the present survey was designed to look into the chronic consequence of obestatin on testosterone production and testicular cell proliferation in male Sprauge Dawley rats. Different cell counts are presented in table 1. In the obestatin treated animate beings the average figure of spermatogonia was high as compared to the control animate beings, but this addition was non statistically important. However, the average figure of primary spermatocytes were significantly high at different experimental yearss in the obestatin treated animate beings as compared to the control animate beings ( P & A ; lt ; 0.0001 ) . The average figure of secondary spermatocytes were besides significantly high in the obestatin treated animate beings on both 5 and 15 twenty-four hours ( P & A ; lt ; 0.005 ) . Average figure of unit of ammunition and extended spermatids nowadays in the seminiferous tubule were significantly ( P & A ; lt ; 0.005 ) high in both intervention groups dissected on different experimental yearss as compared to matching control groups. Similarly the average figure of leydig cells were significantly ( p & A ; lt ; 0.0001 ) high in treated groups as compar ed to command groups but the figure of Sertoli cells present in the seminiferous tubule was non significantly high in the treated groups as compared to the control groups on different experimental yearss ( figure 2 and 3 ) . Mean ±SEM testicular adventitia albuginea thickness, seminiferous tubule epithelial tallness and seminiferous tubule diameter of control and obestatin treated groups on different experimental yearss are presented in table 2. There was found no important difference in testicular adventitia albuginea thickness, seminiferous tubule epithelial tallness and seminiferous tubule diameter of treated groups as compared to the control groups. Mean ±SEM atomic diameter of spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, sertoli cells and leydig cells of control and obestatin treated groups on different experimental yearss are presented in table 3. No important alteration in mean ±SEM spermatogonial, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, sertoli cells and leydig cells atomic diameter was observed in treated groups as compared to the control groups, both at twenty-four hours five and twenty-four hours 15 ( figure 2 ) . The testicle is a complex hormone organ where different cell types interplay to guarantee male birthrate, under the control of a overplus of hormone, paracrine and autocrine regulative signals [ Saez 1994 ] . In recent old ages, it has become apparent that different factors with cardinal functions in the growing axis ( e.g. GHRH and IGF-I ) and organic structure weight homeostasis ( e.g. leptin ) are potentially involved in the ordinance of testicular map [ Ciampani et Al. 1992 ; Baker et Al. 1996 ; Tena-Sempere et Al. 1999 ; Tena-Sempere et Al. 2001 ] . The present survey was designed in order to measure the effects of 10 twenty-four hours chronic i.p disposal of obestatin on testicular morphology and androgen synthesis in peri-pubertal male rats. In the survey 45-days-old male rats were allocated for the experiment because this age is considered as normal timing of puberty happening in the male rats [ Ojeda and Urbanski, 1994 ] . Infusions ( i.p ) of obestatin for 10 yearss was started when the rats were 45 yearss old and were dissected on twenty-four hours 5th ( 60-days-old ) and 15th ( 70-days-old ) twenty-four hours after intervention. The first sperm cell is normally seen in the lms of seminiferous tubules at 45th twenty-four hours of age [ Clermont et Al. 1957 ] and mature sperm cell is seen in vessel deferens 13 to 14 yearss subsequently at the age of about 60 yearss [ Clegj et Al. 1960 ] . The proliferation rate of the testicular cells is higher in this peculiar clip, so for this ground the current experiment was conducted o n this stage of development in male rat. In the present survey, chronic extract of obestatin during the pubertal phase, significantly increased testosterone degree in big male rats, and that elevated testosterone degree might straight heighten the spermatogenesis every bit early as observed in bulk of the seminiferous tubule in the treated animate beings as compared to the control animate beings. Obestatin intervention besides caused pronounced addition in figure of assorted testicular cells in the seminiferous tubules. This determination shows that obestatin has a stimulatory function in the transition of cellular proliferation during the peri-pubertal period in male rats. This determination besides suggests a possible opposing manner of action of obestatin as compared to ghrelin, as it was besides antecedently reported that ghrelin is a negative modulator of male generative system [ Kheradmand et al. 2008 ] . Obestatin intervention for 10 back-to-back yearss failed to do any significantly addition in the figure of spermatogonia and sertoli cell in the seminiferous tubule of the male rats and besides has no effects on seminiferous tubule and epididimal cannular thickness and its diameter. Similarly no alteration was observed in the weight and diameter of testicles. No information sing consequence of obestatin on testicular degree has been still reported. The present observations provide grounds for an engagement of obestatin in heightening the testosterone production from leydig cells. Either this addition in the testosterone secernment is the direct consequence of the binding of obestatin to its receptor ( GPR 39 ) which is present in testicle [ Yammamoto et Al. 2007 ] or obestatin could either heighten the reactivity of Leydig cells towards pituitary LH. Clearly farther surveies are needed to screen out the exact mechanism through which obestatin enhance testicular testosterone synthesis and the manner through which it induce spermatogenesis in male rats testicles.

Media Is A Political Issue That Has Greatly Affected...

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This essay defends the thesis that there are a plethora of reasons the media is a political issue that has increased in the last fifty yea rs the three primary reasons are the amount of people that can be influenced, the type of information that can be broadcasted and lastly the effects media can have on a political campaign or major political issue. The first reason media in politics is important is the amount of people that can be influenced through the use of media. Even though the media has been around for more than fifty years it has not been as prominent as it is now. For example, many years ago the printing press was used toShow MoreRelatedThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )2063 Words   |  9 Pagesproviders, and policy makers. Several factors provoked this monumental change in health care. Social, political, and economic forces drive change in the United States healthcare system. 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The Importance Of Secure Attachment Bonds On Childhood And...

Past literature has emphasized the importance of secure attachment bonds in childhood and their impact on social (Bohlin, Hahekull, Rydell, 2000) emotional (Waters, Virmani, Thompson, Meyer, Jochem, 2010) and cognitive (Bernier, Beauchamp, Carlson, Lalonde, 2015) functioning. High-quality caregiver-infant relationships are critical for development and protect against later psychopathology. As mentioned by Bowlby (1969/1982), early infant interactions with caregivers become internalized and serve as internal models for later relationships. These working models influence thoughts, feelings, and behaviours and determine whether a child will develop a secure or insecure attachment style. Maternal sensitivity is seen as central to secure attachment (Ainsworth, Blehar, Water, Wall, 1978). Attachment figures who display high levels of sensitivity and responsiveness (i.e., appropriately responding to and attending to their children’s cues) promotes secure attachment. 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The Effects Of Malnutrition On Educational Disparities

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Effects of Terrorism in Indian Industries Free Essays

That’s the macro picture. A sectoral analysis sheds more light on the possible damage to different industries. â€Å"Terrorism’s economic impact has normally been short lived,† says a report titled, Economic Impact of Terrorism, by securities firm Anand Rathi Financial Services. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Terrorism in Indian Industries or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"The immediate impact of terrorism is the loss of life, destruction of property and loss of man-days. Terrorist acts also cause uncertainty, which impacts economic activity. Tourism is one of the first areas to be hit, with hospitality and transportation feeling the pain the most.Gross earnings from foreign tourists are currently around 1% of GDP. A marked slowdown in tourism activity will have a perceptible impact on not only the hospitality and transportation sectors, but also on the overall economy. â€Å"The impact on the earnings side (through lower room occupancy, depressed room rental, lower passenger traffic or lower air fares) may eventually reverse once the situation normalizes. On the expenditure side, though, the impact of higher costs from increased preventive arrangements and higher insurance premiums is likely to be more permanent. An important subset of tourism — medical tourism — is also likely to slow in the short term. â€Å"Hospitality and tourism are two sectors that will certainly take a direct hit,† says Chakrabarti of ISB. â€Å"This will be a gut reaction to the event and, if nothing else happens, then things will soon get back to normal. † According to Rangar, â€Å"Estimates suggest that nationally hotels have seen about 60% booking cancellations. † Holiday destinations such as Goa are feeling the pinch even more because of intelligence reports that they could be future targets for terrorists.Hotel occupancy in western India is down some 25% and rates have plunged. Civil aviation is another sector in the dumps. But it was already troubled before the attacks. Rangar believes the overall damage to India’s economy could be significant. â€Å"Analysts have already started giving initial estimates that suggest the loss in business due to the attacks would be about $100 billion, arising from crucial institutions, such as the stock exchanges, commodities and money markets, and business and commercial establishments which remained closed,† he notes. There is also a hit of $20 billion on the foreign exchange front. But though the numbers are alarming, it is just a matter of time before the city and its people rise to face the situation. † Exports, already down, could be further hit as foreign buyers put off visits. â€Å"International clients prefer to stay at five star hotels such as the Taj and the Oberoi,† says Ganesh Kumar Singh, president of the Federation of Indian Export Organizations.They now see a risk staying at any five star hotel. The U. S. ommercial nuclear mission has put off its India trip as have delegations from several other countries. The perception of increased risk in India could also impact the IT industry, which depends on client visits to seal deals. But the larger firms in the IT industry have already spread their risk; they have back-up operations in other countries such as China. The effect there will be only temporary. Some analysts, however, believe that the business process outsourcing (BPO) industry may not be so lucky. Oil gas and other large operations are vulnerable to attack,† says the Anand Rathi report. Beefing up security will add to their costs. But these are strategic industrial assets for the country as a whole, and part of the expenditure is likely to be borne by the government. Does anybody gain? Certain lines of IT, particularly those related to security, will get some benefit. â€Å"Companies catering to defense, security and surveillance needs are likely to see a boost in demand,† says the Anand Rathi report. Rangar ends on a note of confidence. â€Å"Despite the slowdown — and the recent incidents — global companies are expected to continue to exhibit their confidence in India,† he says. Adds Chakrabarti: â€Å"The confidence crisis is far worse in other parts of the world compared to India. Foreign investors need to put their money somewhere and India still looks very attractive. At worst we will grow at 6%. Most countries would die to grow at this rate at this point in time. â€Å" How to cite Effects of Terrorism in Indian Industries, Papers

Personal Fitness Essay Example For Students

Personal Fitness Essay Physical Education1-29-99Lou Zerr, a well-known 17 year old male attending Sinker High School, is very disliked by his peers, mostly because of his low self-confidence and low self-esteem. Lou Zerr is known to be a foolish rich kid that has an attitude. Everyone sees him as the loser that sits at home watching television. Lou Zerr sees himself as very stupid. Lou has a very good friend, Smad Free, that happens to be an Olympic Gold Medal winner in the 1984 Summer Olympics in swimming competition. He feels, as though, he needs a lot of exercise and Smad Free really pushes Lou to exercise. He tells Lou that he will need to do plenty of swimming and riding bikes. Lou informed Smad that he didnt know how to swim or ride a bike. He feels, as though, he needs a lot of exercise and Smad Free really pushes Lou to exercise. He tells Lou that he will need to do plenty of swimming and riding bikes. Lou informed Smad that he didnt know how to swim or ride a bike. Smad said that he would teach him to do both, if he would agree to have plenty of motivation to lose weight, gain self-confidence and self-esteem, and commit to the training. After reading books on heart rates and obesity, Lou figured out his target heart rate zone and felt that riding a bike and swimming would be essential to a good workout. Lou was determined to get his current resting heart rate of 80 decreased to 60, to hopefully fall into his target heart rate zone of 154 to 185, and to lose 10 pounds from 170 pounds. He would eventually be in shape. Currently in the middle of summer on August 1, 1997, Smad decided it would be best to begin with training Lou to ride a bike then to swim. Lou would ride his bike in the morning and swim in the late afternoon Lou and Smad went to different stores to purchase the best of everything or close to it. After acquiring everything, Smad began to teach Lou to do his warm-ups and eating right. Lou would begin the morning with a 2 different fruits and a small glass of orange juice. He would then have to walk for five minutes, next begin to jog for 3 minutes, then walk for three. After his jog he would do his stretches. He would begin by stretching his arms out and then focusing on his legs. Finally finished with warm-ups, Smad would teach him to ride a bike. After Lou finished putting on his gear to ride, Smad explained that he must be very balanced. Lou had watched people ride bikes for years thus helping him to learn quickly. Approximately a half-hour later, Lou was riding his bike very well. Smad became satisfied and determined that both of them would go on a short ride to begin training. Smad felt 5 minutes riding slowly, speeding up for another 5, sprinting for 5, and finally 10 minutes slowly. Smad and Lou would continue do this for one week and progress slowly for two months. Lou would also have to do the same in the late afternoon swimming. He would have to begin by eating less to lower his calories. He would have to begin by eating plenty of vegetables, different meats, and plenty of noodles, breads, etc. He would have to have plenty of starches, oils and sweets. He would have to have plenty of energy, but he would still have to burn fat. Smad suggests a fruit, juice and simple meat sandwich for lunch. Smad suggested what to eat for dinner, but Smad was too determined to lose weight so he decided that he would ignore Smad and only eat a simple sandwich for dinner. Lou felt that suffering is a small price to pay to lose weight and get fit. Approximately an hour or two after lunch, Lou would begin to learn how to swim. .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .postImageUrl , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:hover , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:visited , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:active { border:0!important; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:active , .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9 .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u015a592a0ff39cc1d8739bab9785d1d9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on The Importance of Extracurricular Activities Essay Lou would do the same warm-ups as in the morning except he would have to focus on stretching his arms and legs more thoroughly this time. It took about a week to teach Lou how to swim, but Lou was doing very well and improvement was visible already. Smad began Lou on 5 minutes of movement in the water, 10 minutes of slow swimming with different strokes, then he would speed up for 5 minutes, and then slow down the intensity .

Analysis of Turkish Influences in Western Classical Music free essay sample

The Ottomans contribution to music has always been evident in the music we play or hear almost everyday. Be it Mozart, Beethoven. The Ottomans meter (meaning military band) influenced the start of the military and the marching band. They too, were the first to use the soldiers marching beat in their music. Believe that the Ottomans have significantly influenced the music we listen to everyday, contributing to the All Truck form we are familiar with. In my paper, I will examine the contributions made by the Ottomans, their styles and how composers in particularMozart have interpreted it. The Ottomans formed an Empire, which lasted from 1299 to 1923. They traveled far and wide, controlling many territories that brought about the Empires downfall. Split into 29 provinces and numerous vassal states, it reached its height of power in the 16th and 17th centuries. The sieges and battles of Vienna during the period of 1529 to 1683 played an Important role In the wars and In the spreading of the Ottoman music because Vienna was strategically located, and had interlocking control over southern Europe and the overland trade routes. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Turkish Influences in Western Classical Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, ruing the 18th century, Vienna was the capital of European music, serving as the home of composers Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Joseph Haydn and Ludwig van Beethoven, who came to Vienna forming the First Viennese School, making the city very popular. The Turkish Influences In classical music were spread through the many wars that the Ottomans had. From the victories to celebration of treaties, the Ottoman showcased their music; mainly the meter music -which would take form in the first military and marching band- to the world.After many victories and defeats, negotiations and treaties, composers imitated the USIA and rhythm of the Meter band, Beethoven and Mozart use an Ottoman influenced style called All Truck. To celebrate the Treaty of Sartorial negotiated by Austria and the Ottoman Empire in 1697 after the battle of Santa, the Ottomans brought a Janissary band along with other performers for several days of performances. Slowly, people started imitating these performers, starti ng with the military bands. Classical composers started to introduce the All Truck (meaning in the style of a Turkish march) Into their music. But the Viennese were not the first to use such a style in their music. According to the musicologist Henry George Farmer, The credit for having introduced this battery of percussion and concussion into Europe usually goes to Poland which. In the sass, had received a full Turkish band from the Sultan. Russia, not to be outdone, sought a similar favor of the Sublime Porte (which is the name of the Sultans open court. In 1725, Prussia and Austria following suit, and by the sass most other countries had fallen under the sway of Janissary Music. Mozart, the following rhythm: Example 1 IS heard by the left hand part of the bass note. It is also the rhythm of a soldiers arching beat. The Janissary bands followed the army around in order to provide entertainment, and to boost morale amongst the people. The bands started using this rhythm in their music too. Another characteristic commonly found when emphasizing rhythm is the use of grace notes.Many melodic instruments in Turkish music used this technique in emphasizing rhythm. An example is Mozart violin concerto in A major, KAKA Rondo. An excerpt from Violin concerto no 5 in A major, K 219 by Mozart, Example 2 The excerpt from above shows both characteristics of Turkish music. The oboes and urns are heard giving the marching beat of Example 1 (refer to page 4). Like these Mind instruments, the cellos and basses are giving a somewhat different rhythm by using only crotchets and rests (see bar 1 to 3), but are using grace notes to emphasize on the crotchet beats.The oboes and horns use only crotchets and minims but theres an emphasis on the march with the use of dramatic dynamic changes (see bar 1 to 3). The Violin II and the Viola parts give the consistent quaver beats throughout the excerpt (with the exception of the last chord), and the soloist plays the melody using only quaver and crotchet beats. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Turkish music proved to be very popular, and piano manufacturers made pianos with a Turkish stop, which was also known as the military stop.It was a pedal that would either cause a bell to ring and/or cause a padded hammer to strike the soundboard to imitate the sound of a bass drum. In Rondo All Truck by Mozart, the pianist would hit on the pedal to give the rhythm seen in example 1 for emphasis on the marching rhythm. However the innovation ceased to be used after the 19th century. According to Alfred Dolce, an industrialist, inventor and author who imported and manufactured piano materials, The Janissary pedal, one of the best known of the early pedal devices, added all kinds of rattling noises to the normal piano performance.It could cause a drumstick to strike the underside of the soundboard, ring bells, shake a rattle, and even create the effect of a cymbal crash by hitting several bass strings with a strip of brass foil. ere meter band is an early military band. There are many styles that the meter perform in, and in one of the forms, ;never the musicians stand in a crescent shape Ninth the who is also known as the master of meter standing in front. A meter concert starts with the sass (instruments), which is the instrumental part first before they start singing.After that, the also known as the main meter Gag calls the by shouting Vast-I s;our u sofa, hey, her (meaning Attention it is time for happiness and fun) the will then begin by shouting Haydn Hay Allah translating it would mean Attention, march. The master of meter greets the public and announces the next piece after every piece is performed, and after all the pieces are performed; the of never, the meter can also perform while walking. While performing and walking, he stands in the front, with the meter standing behind.Starting with the right foot in front, the meter band greets the public by left and right every 3 steps (meaning if one starts on the left foot). Traditionally, the meter was composed of cats, which were dependent on the number of instruments. Each meter can be composed of 1 to 13 cats, of which the Pithead, the most royal title attainable has a meter of 13 cats. Each Kate is composed of a David (drum), a ensnare (a small kettledrum), a boor (horn), a Curran, a k ¶s (a big drum) and 4 t;vegans (four times of the other sass).The meter band carries many different types of banners, each with its own color and distinctive meaning. For example, the red banner is the symbol of Turkey, the green the symbol of Islam, and the white banner the symbol of Justice. ere meter band has many other symbols such as flags, which are the symbols of the government. Having fought and defeated many countries, the Ottomans themselves had taken over parts of Asia, Europe and Africa. Consisting of Muslims, Jews and even Christians, the Ottomans were open and were able to tolerate differences. However an advantage in one era may be a disadvantage in another.Having such a vast amount of land and citizens also made it difficult to protect the empire from internal and external political forces, causing unnecessary ethnic and religious hatred, which Mould ultimately destroy what they had created. With six centuries of dominance over such a large land, the Ottomans were rich in culture influenced by its many different states, influencing other cultures even outside the Ottomans territories. Even though the word Ottoman may not have any understanding to anyone who has not heard of the Ottomans, her contribution to society is evident.

Cultural Relations

Cultural Relations Introduction Culture is defined as a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that, taken together, constitute a design for living (Vance Paik 2006, p.39). In the past century, scholars have directed commendable efforts towards understanding various cultures and their impact on global human relations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, concepts, theories and principles have been developed in this regard. This paper shall set out to explore various terminologies used in studying culture. To this end, a brief description of these terminologies shall be offered and an illustration of the same given. ‘Culture is ordinary’ This is a saying formulated in 1958 by the famous theorist Raymond William. This dictum means that society develops from the common meanings and directions that its members’ share and it grow s due to the pressures that arise as a result of contact learning and discovery. For example, in the Chinese culture, the concept of loosing face is core to the livelihood of the Chinese people. Fang (1999, p.143) observes that in Chinese tradition, losing face is equivalent to [literally] losing ones eyes, nose, and mouth. As such, every activity carried out by the Chinese people is geared towards saving face. This practice therefore holds a shared meaning and has grown in the Chinese culture through learning, experience and contact. Cultural identity Cultural identity can best be defined as the way individuals define themselves in regard to their cultural norms and beliefs (Adair, 2009). It is a relatively new concept in cultural studies that aim to analyze the effect of various identifiers to culture. Cultural identity helps people understand themselves and how they relate to others around them. As Adair (2009) states, cultural identity contributes significantly to the wellbeing of a society. The author attributes this to the fact that it gives people a sense of belonging and security. High context culture/low context culture These are terminologies developed by famous anthropologist Edward. T. Hall back in 1976. These terms refer to a situation whereby a group of people that have similar experiences develop a new mode of communication that only them can understand and decipher. As such, high context culture refers to a communication routine in which few words are used to communicate complex messages within the in-group. For example, people who use e-mailing as a mode of communication use words such as ‘ASAP, LOL’ and ‘TMI’ to shorten the message. People outside the group may not understand the meaning of such words but those within the group do. On the other hand, in low context culture, the communicator has to communicate more explicitly since the value of a single word is not as important. As such, in this culture, more words ar e required to give a message its meaning.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Social field The social field theory was developed by Kurt Lewin and it aimed at analyzing social situations through the elements that affected them. As such, a social field in this context refers to social elements and forces that are topologically organized. A social field enables us to identify, interrelate and observe various social elements and forces and how they affect each other. For example, shyness I a sociological force that hinders people from realizing their goals in a social setting while confidence (a helping force) helps people achieve their set goals. Haptics Simply put, haptics refer to our ability to manipulate and explore the world through touch. According to Mehrabian (2007), haptic communication has been used across different cultures to convey emotions since it facilitates the sense of unity between two or more people. For example, in most cultures, hugging and holding hands are perceived as emotional cues implying support, reassurance and care. Haptics are forms of non-verbal communication that have proven to be effective in communicating emotional messages. For example, in the Chinese culture, holding hands among men is a common place since it symbolizes friendship. However, in most western cultures, this is viewed as an anomaly indicative of an intimate relationship. Ethnorelativism According to Greene and Burleson (2003), ethnorelativism refers to man’s ability to view certain values and behavioral traits as cultural rather than universal. In essence, ethnorelativism argues that how we view the world and events greatly depends on an individual’s cultural heritage. This means that we perceive different cultures perceive similar situations differently. For example, most cultures assume that each person can best advance their interest when the situation at hand is thoroughly understood by means of direct verbal communication (Cardon Scott, 2003). This assumption results in the adoption of directness in interpersonal communications. This is not the case in Chinese culture which places greater emphasis in preserving harmony. The Chinese are therefore only direct in the occasion where no one including themselves is at a risk of losing face.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Individualism Individualism refers to the belief that all rights, values and responsibilities originate from an individual. As such, this concepts views man as a sovereign being who has an innate and natural right to his life, decisions and actions. A good example regarding this concept is the United States and china. Arguably, U.S is an individualistic state because people often think about themselves before they think about oth ers. As such, U.S is a ME and I state. On the other hand, China advocates for unity and equality. The Chinese culture advocates for unity and people are obligated to share whatever they have. Types of non-verbal communication According to statistics, a significant portion of our communication is often non-verbal (Greene Burleson, 2003). Non-verbal communication entails the use of gestures, facial expressions, touch and posture among others during our interactions. Regardless of the technique one applies, non-verbal communication plays a pivotal role in revealing who we are and it affects how we relate to others (Mehrabian, 2007). Some types of non-verbal communication include the following: Eye gaze Looking, blinking and staring have been documented as being important non-verbal behaviors. For example, when a person sees someone or something that he/she likes, the blinking rate increases and the pupils dilate. As such, the eyes can be use to show feelings of hostility, attraction a nd even interest. In the western culture, the eye gaze is very important especially in matters regarding to the chain of command. If you are out of control, a stare from a person of authority is enough to tell you that you have crossed the line and need to calm down. Appearance How we dress, our choice of color, hairstyle and other factors are non-verbal cues that communicate our identity. Research into color psychology has shown that different colors elicit different moods from people. For example, blue and brown have been known to give people a calm sensation while red and black evoke hostility. First impressions always count. These judgments are based on an individual’s appearance. In America where people practice a corporate culture, appearance is important since it determines the level of respect you earn from others. This is why it is always important to dress appropriately when going to an interview or a meeting.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Facial expressions Arguably, facial expressions are pivotal in face to face interactions. Consider how much a person can learn from a frown or a smile. These facial cues convey sadness, happiness, anger and disgust among other feelings during a conversation. These cues are important in my culture since they can help one understand what another person feels regarding a certain topic or event. Conclusion Culture plays an important role in intercultural communication. As such it is important that we all try to understand different cultures so as to avoid the inherent conflicts that arise due to cultural diversity. References Adair, J. (2009). Effective Communication: The Most Important Management Skill of All. New York: Pan Macmillan. Cardon, P., Scott, J. (2003). Chinese Business Face: Communication Behaviors and Teaching Approaches. Business Communication Quarterly 66: pp. 9-22. Fang, F. (1999). Chinese business negotiating style. New York: Sage. Greene O., Burleson R. (2003). Hand book of communication and social interaction skills. New Jersey: Routledge. Mehrabian, A. (2007). Nonverbal Communication. USA: Transaction Publishers. Vance, C., Paik, Y. (2006). Managing a global workforce: challenges and opportunities in international human resource management. California: M.E. Sharpe.